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Directory of Authors from the Journal and their last article.

Amarnath RambhatlaView Articles

Volume 18, Number 2Review Articles

The Role of Estrogen Modulators in Male Hypogonadism and Infertility

Disease State Review

Amarnath RambhatlaJacob RajferJesse N Mills

Estradiol, normally considered a female hormone, appears to play a significant role in men in a variety of physiologic functions, such as bone metabolism, cardiovascular health, and testicular function. As such, estradiol has been targeted by male reproductive and sexual medicine specialists to help treat conditions such as infertility and hypogonadism. The compounds that modulate estradiol levels in these clinical conditions are referred to as selective estrogen receptor modulators (SERMs) and aromatase inhibitors (AIs). In a certain subset of infertile men, particularly those with hypogonadism, or those who have a low serum testosterone to estradiol ratio, there is some evidence suggesting that SERMs and AIs can reverse the low serum testosterone levels or the testosterone to estradiol imbalance and occasionally improve any associated infertile or subfertile state. This review focuses on the role these SERMs and AIs play in the aforementioned reproductive conditions. [Rev Urol. 2016;18(2):66-72 doi: 10.3909/riu0711] © 2016 MedReviews®, LLC

Selective estrogen receptor modulatorAromatase inhibitorMale infertilityHypogonadism

Amin S HeratiView Articles

Volume 20, Number 2Review Articles

Infertility in Patients With Klinefelter Syndrome: Optimal Timing for Sperm and Testicular Tissue Cryopreservation

Management Update

Dorota J HawksworthApril A SzafranPhilip W JordanAdrian S DobsAmin S Herati

Male factor infertility is a complex issue presenting many diagnostic and management challenges. It is responsible for about 50% of all causes of infertility and thus carries significant medical, financial, and psychological implications for the couples struggling with conception. Klinefelter syndrome is the most common chromosomal male anomaly associated with male infertility. This review focuses specifically on non-obstructive azoospermia secondary to Klinefelter syndrome and discusses controversies surrounding fertility management in patients with this genetic disorder. [Rev Urol. 2018;20(2):56–62 doi: 10.3909/riu0790] © 2018 MedReviews®, LLC

Klinefelter syndromeNon-obstructive azoospermiaSperm retrieval

Amir KaisaryView Articles
Amir KazzaziView Articles
Amir Said Alizadeh NaderiView Articles
Amnon ZismanView Articles
Amr FerganyView Articles

Volume 14, Number 3Review Articles

Lap Pak for Abdominal Retraction

New Technology Review

Gary D SteinbergHerbert LeporGanesh SivarajanSam S ChangAmr FerganyS Bruce Malkowicz

Retraction of the bowels during abdominal surgery is generally facilitated by the use of a combination of various retractors along with surgical towels or sponges. The use of surgical towels and sponges may lead to retained foreign bodies or adhesions. In addition, these towels and sponges often require manipulation during long surgical procedures. The ideal way to avoid these problems in abdominal surgery is to develop a technique for retraction of the abdominal contents that eliminates the requirement for these foreign bodies. This article presents the results of a small trial for Lap Pak (Seguro Surgical, Columbia, MD), a disposable radio-opaque device that is made of silicone and retracts the bowels in a cephalad orientation without the need for towels or sponges. [Rev Urol. 2012;14(3/4):41-47 doi: 10.3909/riu0572] © 2013 MedReviews®, LLC

RetractionPostoperative adhesionsRetained foreign bodiesLap Pak

Amr M EmaraView Articles

Volume 17, Number 3Review Articles

Current Status of Hemostatic Agents and Sealants in Urologic Surgical Practice

Management Update

Sashi S KommuRobert McArthurAmr M EmaraUtsav D ReddyChristopher J AndersonNeil J BarberRaj A PersadChristopher G Eden

There has been a recent and near exponential increase in the use of hemostatic agents and sealants to supplement the rapidly evolving methods in the surgical management of urologic patients. This article reviews the use of hemostatic agents and sealants in current urologic practice. [Rev Urol. 2015;17(3):150-159 doi: 10.3909/riu0673] © 2015 MedReviews®, LLC

HemostasisTissue adhesionUrologic surgery

Amyn BhamaniView Articles

Volume 15, Number 3Case Review

Obstructed Bifid Uretereric System Causing Unilateral Hydronephrosis

Amyn BhamaniManoj Srivastava

Bifid ureters are a common malformation of the urinary system. In clinical practice, hydronephrosis resulting from obstruction of such a system is rare. The authors present a case involving an 88-year-old man admitted to the hospital with symptoms of renal failure, where bifid ureters were found incidentally in a hydronephrotic kidney during an emergency nephrostomy. This had been missed on a previous CT scan, resulting in a unique therapeutic dilemma. [ Rev Urol. 2013;15(3):131-134 doi: 10.3909/riu0578] © 2013 MedReviews®, LLC

Bifid uretersHydronephrosisNephrostomy

Anand DharaskarView Articles

Volume 13, Number 2Case Review

Laparoscopic Nephrectomy for Pyonephrosis During Pregnancy: Case Report and Review of the Literature

Onkar SinghNand Kishore ArvindShilpi Singh GuptaSurbhi SahayKutub AliAnand Dharaskar

The maternal and fetal complications of pyonephrosis during pregnancy can be devastating, thus the call for urgent but safe intervention. Laparoscopic nephrectomy has been used safely and effectively in nonpregnant patients with pyonephrotic kidney. We report on a case of a 28-year-old pregnant woman with pyonephrotic kidney that we believe to be the first such case managed by transperitoneal laparoscopic nephrectomy. A review of the reported cases of laparoscopic nephrectomy for different indications and by different approaches during pregnancy is also presented. [Rev Urol. 2011;13(2):98-103 doi: 10.3909/riu0505] © 2011 MedReviews®, LLC

LaparoscopyNephrectomyPregnancyPyonephrosis

Anand SharmaView Articles

Volume 21, Number 1Review Articles

Immunotherapy in Urological Tumors

Treatment Review

Nikhil VasdevAnand SharmaNarin SuleymanOliver Jones

The past decade has seen significant improvement in our understanding of tumor biological features, which has led to use of anti-programmed-death 1 (PD-1) and anti-PD ligand-1 (PD-L1) agents and cytotoxic T lymphocytes antigen 4 (CTLA-4) inhibitors in a multitude of cancers. These immunotherapeutic agents have shown activity in melanoma, lung, head and neck, colorectal, urological, and other cancers. This article details the use of immunotherapy agents in urothelial, renal, prostate, and testicular tumors. [Rev Urol. 2019;21(1):15–20] © 2019 MedReviews®, LLC

ImmunotherapyCytokinesurological tumorsimmune checkpoint inhibitorsrecombinant BCGcell wall-derived therapies

André A FigueiredoView Articles

Volume 10, Number 3Review Articles

Urogenital Tuberculosis: Update and Review of 8961 Cases from the World Literature

Treatment Update

André A FigueiredoAntonio M Lucon

The AIDS epidemic caused unexpected worldwide levels of tuberculosis, even in developed countries where the incidence used to be low. Patients with urogenital tuberculosis in developed countries have fewer specific symptoms and lower rates of delayed diagnoses compared with patients from other countries. As a result, the disease tends to be less serious, with more patients presenting without significant lesions of the upper urinary tract on diagnosis. These data point to a correlation of the timing of diagnosis with the severity of urogenital tuberculosis. A systematic search for urogenital tuberculosis, regardless of symptoms, is warranted for early detection. [Rev Urol. 2008;10(3):207-217]

CystitisNephrectomyMale genital tuberculosisTuberculosis, urogenitalTuberculosis, renalUrinary bladder, surgery

André N BastosView Articles

Volume 11, Number 2Review Articles

Spinal Dysraphism: A Neurosurgical Review for the Urologist

Management Review

José Murillo B NettoAndré N BastosLuis M PérezAndré A Figueiredo

Spinal neural tube defects are congenital malformations of the spine and spinal cord (eg, myelomeningocele) and are frequently seen in pediatric urology practice. These neurologic problems have many consequences in a child’s life and affect different parts of the body, such as the brain, spinal cord, limbs, bladder, and bowels. Because of the complexity and neurologic aspects of spinal dysraphism, many related terms and aspects of the disease are unfamiliar to the urologist. This review addresses some of the most commonly used neurosurgical terms and concepts related to spinal dysraphism.[Rev Urol. 2009;11(2):71-81]

Spina bifidaSpinal dysraphismMyelomeningocele

Andrea TubaroView Articles
Andres A RomaView Articles

Volume 16, Number 4Case Review

Testicular Sclerosing Sertoli Cell Tumor: A Case Report and Review of the Literature

Edmund S SabaneghYagil BarazaniSarah ColemanAndres A Roma

Sertoli cell tumors are very rare testicular tumors, representing 0.4% to 1.5% of all testicular malignancies. They are subclassified as classic, large-cell calcifying, and sclerosing Sertoli cell tumors (SSCT) based on distinct clinical features. Only 42 cases of SSCTs have been reported in the literature. We present a case of a 23-year-old man diagnosed with SSCT. [Rev Urol. 2014;16(4):191-193 doi: 10.3909/riu0620] © 2014 MedReviews®, LLC

Testicular neoplasmSertoli cell tumorSclerosing Sertoli cell tumor

Andres F CorreaView Articles

Volume 18, Number 2Review Articles

Urethral Strictures and Stenoses Caused by Prostate Therapy

Treatment Update

Andres F CorreaMang L ChenRichard A Santucci

The number of patients with prostate cancer and benign prostatic hyperplasia is on the rise. As a result, the volume of prostate treatment and treatment-related complications is also increasing. Urethral strictures and stenoses are relatively common complications that require individualized management based on the length and location of the obstruction, and the patient’s overall health, and goals of care. In general, less invasive options such as dilation and urethrotomy are preferred as first-line therapy, followed by more invasive substitution, flap, and anastomotic urethroplasty. [Rev Urol. 2016;18(2):90-102 doi: 10.3909/riu0685] © 2016 MedReviews®, LLC

Prostate cancerBenign prostatic hyperplasiaComplicationsStrictureStenosis

Andrew B JoelView Articles
Andrew B RosenkrantzView Articles

Volume 13, Number 1Case Review

Squamous Cell Carcinoma of the Prostate

Case Review

Samir S TanejaRena D MalikGeorge DakwarMatthew E HardeeNicholas SanfilippoAndrew B Rosenkrantz

"Squamous cell carcinoma of the prostate is a rare tumor, making up 0.5% to 1% of all prostate carcinomas. It is typically described as an aggressive cancer, with a median postdiagnosis survival of 14 months. Presented here is a case of primary squamous cell carcinoma of the prostate, with a complicated presentation of metastatic disease. Due to the extent of the patientís disease, he was treated with palliative radiation therapy using a four-field technique (AP/PA and left and right lateral fields) with 18 mV photons prescribed to the 100% isodose line. The prescription dose was 4000 cGy in 16 fractions of 250 cGy per fraction. No definitive treatment of squamous cell carcinoma of the prostate exists but varying approaches including surgical intervention, chemotherapy, and radiation therapy have been implemented without durable response. However, multimodal treatments appear to be the most promising with longer durations of survival. [Rev Urol. 2011;13(1):56-60 doi: 10.3909/riu0494]"

Squamous cell carcinomaProstate adenocarcinomaLower urinary tractsymptomsMultimodal treatments

Andrew J ArmstrongView Articles

Volume 9, Supplement 1Review Articles

Current Standard and Investigational Approaches to the Management of Hormone-Refractory Prostate Cancer

New Directions in the Management of Advanced Prostate Cancer

Andrew J ArmstrongDaniel J GeorgePrateek Mendiratta

Prostate cancer is a common cause of death in men and remains incurable in the metastatic setting. In 2004, 2 landmark trials using docetaxel-based chemotherapy, TAX 327 and SWOG 99-16, showed a survival benefit for the first time in metastatic, hormone-refractory prostate cancer. Current research suggests that several distinct mechanisms of androgen-refractory disease may converge in patients with disease progression on androgen deprivation therapy. These findings have identified several potential targets for therapeutic intervention. Current standard and investigational treatment options for this disease are discussed, including chemotherapy and rapidly evolving therapies in phase II/III trials involving antiangiogenic therapies, signal transduction inhibitors, immunomodulatory agents, and nuclear receptor targets. In light of a growing array of treatment options and an increasingly chronic natural history, this review supports a multidisciplinary care approach to these patients, including medical oncologists, urologists, and radiation oncologists, to optimize survival and quality of life. [Rev Urol. 2007;9(suppl 1):S9-S19]

ChemotherapyZoledronic acidHormone-refractory prostate cancerAntiangiogenic therapySignal transduction inhibitorsImmunomodulatory agents

Andrew J CohenView Articles

Volume 21, Number 1Review Articles

Skin Grafting Applications in Urology

Treatment Review

Andrew J CohenGerman PatinoMicha Yin ZhengBenjamin Breyer

Skin grafting is a closure technique widely used in plastic surgery. Urologists may encounter patients with diseases that lead to severe tissue loss due to infection, trauma, burns, malignancy, skin maladies, or primary lymphedema. The development and study of skin harvesting techniques to manage tissue coverage of burns has allowed for great advances and the widening application of skin grafting. As such, there is a growing recognition and application of skin grafts within urology. The aim of surgical treatment and skin grafting within urology is to preserve genital function, improve quality of life, and restore cosmetic damage. In addition to basic technique, this article reviews specific surgical methods employed in reconstruction for patients with Fournier gangrene, buried penis, and hidradenitis suppurativa. Urologists must be aware of these techniques in order to provide adequate counseling for patients considering these operations and when encountering complications. [Rev Urol. 2019;21(1):8–14] © 2019 MedReviews®, LLC

Fournier gangreneSkin grafting techniquesburied penishidradenitis suppurativa