Review ArticlesContemporary Management of Renal TraumaManagement UpdateJennifer J ShoobridgeNiall M CorcoranKatherine A MartinJim KoukounarasPeter L RoyceMatthew F BultitudeIn the management of renal trauma, surgical exploration inevitably leads to nephrectomy in all but a few specialized centers. With current management options, the majority of hemodynamically stable patients with renal injuries can be successfully managed nonoperatively. Improved radiographic techniques and the development of a validated renal injury scoring system have led to improved staging of injury severity that is relatively easy to monitor. This article reviews a multidisciplinary approach to facilitate the care of patients with renal injury. [Rev Urol. 2011;13(2):65-72 doi: 10.3909/riu0512] © 2011 MedReviews®, LLCNephrectomyRenal injuryBlunt traumaAngiogenesis
Review ArticlesImpact of Stone Removal on Renal Function: A ReviewTreatment ReviewTristan KeysDean G AssimosPatrick W MufarrijKyle WoodStone removal can improve renal function by eradicating obstruction and, in certain cases, an underlying infection. Stone-removing procedures, however, may negatively impact functional integrity. Many things may impact the latter, including the procedures used, the methods of assessing function, the time when these assessments are made, the occurrence of complications, the baseline condition of the kidney, and patient-related factors. In the majority of cases, little significant functional impairment occurs. However, there are gaps in our knowledge of this subject, including the cumulative effects of multiple procedures violating the renal parenchyma and long-term functional outcomes. [Rev Urol. 2011;13(2):73-89 doi: 10.3909/riu0515] © 2011 MedReviews®, LLCUreteroscopyKidney stonesShock wave lithotripsyRenal functionPercutaneousnephrolithotomy
Case ReviewMalignant Priapism Secondary to Metastatic Prostate Cancer: A Case Report and Review of LiteratureMohit KheraYu-Hsiang LinJerry J KimNed B SteinPenile metastasis of cancers from other primary sites is a rare phenomenon that infrequently manifests as malignant priapism. We outline a case of an 84-year-old patient who presented with a 3-month history of painful priapism after radiation therapy for prostate adenocarcinoma. The patient underwent surgical penile exploration and cavernosal biopsy that revealed poorly differentiated cells suggestive of prostate cancer. Postoperative imaging demonstrated extensive regional and distal metastases. A review of the literature on penile metastases returned approximately 400 published cases, with priapism being the initial presentation in 20% to 50% of cases. Regardless of site of origin or subsequent management, most cases have shown very poor prognosis. [Rev Urol. 2011;13(2):90-94 doi: 10.3909/riu0508] © 2011 MedReviews®, LLCProstate cancerMalignant priapismPenile metastasis
Case ReviewIdiopathic Scrotal Calcinosis: A Non-Elucidated Pathogenesis and Its Surgical TreatmentOussama El YazamiMohamed Fadl TaziSoufiane MellasMoulay Hassan FarihMohamed Jamal El FassiAbdelhak KhalloukScrotal calcinosis (SC) is a rare, benign entity defined as the presence of multiple calcified nodules within the scrotal skin. In most cases, there are no associated symptoms. We report the case of 27-year-old man with a massive SC. Treatment was surgical with complete excision of the affected part of the scrotum wall. Histopathologically, there was no epithelial lining around the calcified nodules and no cystic structure. Therefore, our case was considered idiopathic SC [Rev Urol. 2011;13(2):95-97 doi: 10.3909/riu0481] © 2011 MedReviews®, LLCTreatmentCalcinosisIdiopathicScrotumSurgery
Case ReviewLaparoscopic Nephrectomy for Pyonephrosis During Pregnancy: Case Report and Review of the LiteratureAnand DharaskarKutub AliSurbhi SahayShilpi Singh GuptaNand Kishore ArvindOnkar SinghThe maternal and fetal complications of pyonephrosis during pregnancy can be devastating, thus the call for urgent but safe intervention. Laparoscopic nephrectomy has been used safely and effectively in nonpregnant patients with pyonephrotic kidney. We report on a case of a 28-year-old pregnant woman with pyonephrotic kidney that we believe to be the first such case managed by transperitoneal laparoscopic nephrectomy. A review of the reported cases of laparoscopic nephrectomy for different indications and by different approaches during pregnancy is also presented. [Rev Urol. 2011;13(2):98-103 doi: 10.3909/riu0505] © 2011 MedReviews®, LLCLaparoscopyNephrectomyPregnancyPyonephrosis
Meeting ReviewsNew Frontiers in Imaging and Focal TherapyHighlights From the Third International Symposium on Focal Therapy and Imaging of Prostate and Kidney Cancer, February 24-27, 2010, Washington, DCThomas J PolascikVladimir Mouraviev[Rev Urol. 2011; 13(2):104-111 doi: 10.3909/riu0523] © 2011 MedReviews®, LLCProstate cancerFocal therapyKidney cancer
Meeting ReviewsNew Findings in Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia and IncontinenceHighlights From the 26th Annual Congress of the European Association of Urology, March 18-22, 2011, Vienna, AustriaSabina SevcencoAlexander FarrRoman HeroutBob DjavanAmir Kazzazi[Rev Urol. 2011;13(2):112-117 doi: 10.3909/riu0526]Benign prostatic hyperplasiaNocturiaIncontinence