Volume 10, Number 3Review ArticlesUrogenital Tuberculosis: Update and Review of 8961 Cases from the World LiteratureTreatment UpdateAndré A FigueiredoAntonio M LuconThe AIDS epidemic caused unexpected worldwide levels of tuberculosis, even in developed countries where the incidence used to be low. Patients with urogenital tuberculosis in developed countries have fewer specific symptoms and lower rates of delayed diagnoses compared with patients from other countries. As a result, the disease tends to be less serious, with more patients presenting without significant lesions of the upper urinary tract on diagnosis. These data point to a correlation of the timing of diagnosis with the severity of urogenital tuberculosis. A systematic search for urogenital tuberculosis, regardless of symptoms, is warranted for early detection. [Rev Urol. 2008;10(3):207-217]CystitisNephrectomyMale genital tuberculosisTuberculosis, urogenitalTuberculosis, renalUrinary bladder, surgery