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Immunotherapy

All articles from this key word are listed below.

Volume 23, Number 3 Kidney Cancer

Response to Targeted Therapy and Checkpoint Inhibition in a Patient With Mucinous Tubular and Spindle Cell Carcinoma: A Case Report and Literature Review

Ruchi Agarwal Daniela V. Castro Yu Jun Li Jaya Goud Salvador Jaime-Casas

Mucinous tubular and spindle cell carcinoma (MTSCC) is a form of renal cell carcinoma characterized by its tubular structure, mucinous stroma, and spindle-shaped cells. It makes up less than 1% of all renal cell carcinoma cases and has been classically described as indolent, although the disease course varies. Here we analyze the case of a 67-year-old woman with metastatic MTSCC with a sarcomatoid component. The course of treatment was extensive and included targeted therapy and immunotherapy. Thus, this case review offers insight into the heterogeneous clinical course of MTSCC and potential therapeutic options for these patients.

Immunotherapy immune checkpoint inhibitors Carcinoma, renal cell Carcinoma neoplasms, squamous, mucinous, and serous carcinoma, tubular

Volume 23, Number 2 Bladder Cancer

Management of Adverse Events From Checkpoint Inhibitors in Urologic Practice: Where Are We Today?

Caroline Branch Daniel Canter Gautam Jayram

Urologic oncology has seen a tremendous impact from the emergence of checkpoint inhibitors in the management of malignant conditions of the urinary tract. These therapies are now in the nonmetastatic setting, and there is ample opportunity to integrate them into urologic practice. The most common barrier to starting a checkpoint inhibitor therapy program is concern about immune-related adverse event management. The evaluation and management of immune-related adverse events can be part of the treatment protocol and centralized to promote safety and success. The key components of implementing an in-office infusion program that includes checkpoint inhibitors are the use of a team-based approach, with a champion physician; appropriate patient education before and during treatment; and timely evaluation and treatment of all adverse events, with subspecialty consultation, if needed.

Immunotherapy Urology urinary bladder neoplasms

Volume 8, Supplement 2 Review Articles

Monitoring Response, Prediction Methodology, Staging, and Imaging in Prostate Cancer

16th International Prostate Cancer Update

Nicholas Vogelzang David Pomerantz

The predictive values of various tests and examinations are assessed as they relate to prostate cancer progression and treatment. The usefulness of post-treatment biopsy specimens is greatest 2 years after radiation therapy completion. Gleason grading is not reliable in the setting of hormonal ablation therapy. For patients with extracapsular extension, the survival curves separate depending on whether positive or negative surgical margins are obtained. Prostate-specific antigen doubling time is increasingly used as an indicator of disease recurrence after local therapy and prostate cancer–specific survival. [Rev Urol. 2006;8(suppl 2):S30-S34]

Prostate cancer Immunotherapy Prostate-specific antigen Predictive modeling Prostate-specific antigen doubling time

Volume 8, Number 2 Review Articles

Treatment of Upper Tract Urothelial Carcinoma: A Review of Surgical and Adjuvant Therapy

Treatment Review

Christopher R Porter Kalyan C Latchamsetty

Upper tract urothelial carcinoma is a disease entity that has not been as extensively studied and reviewed as carcinoma of the bladder. Recent advances in technology and adjuvant therapy have changed the treatment armamentarium of oncologists and urologists. A literature review was conducted that focused on newer surgical techniques, including laparoscopy and endoscopic management of upper tract disease. Adjuvant therapy including immunotherapy, chemotherapy, and radiation is also reviewed. Nephroureterectomy with removal of a bladder cuff still remains the gold standard of treatment. However, laparoscopic nephroureterectomy is quickly becoming popular, with equivalent recurrence rates. Because of the relatively recent introduction of laparoscopy into the urologic field, long-term data with respect to recurrence rates and survival rates are not yet available. Immunotherapy has also shown promise, but with higher recurrence rates than surgery. Chemotherapy and radiation also show some improvement in recurrence rates, but there have been no randomized, prospective trials. Endoscopic management is acceptable in patients with severe medical comorbidities or solitary kidneys but requires rigorous and close follow-up. Adjuvant therapy with either chemotherapy or radiation is still debated but does offer some improvement in disease-specific survival. Randomized, prospective, placebo-controlled studies are required but are difficult to perform because of the relatively low incidence and prevalence of this disease. [Rev Urol. 2006;8(2):61-70]

Immunotherapy Chemotherapy Urothelial carcinoma Radiation

Volume 9, Supplement 1 Review Articles

Immunotherapy for Advanced Prostate Cancer

New Directions in the Management of Advanced Prostate Cancer

Johannes Vieweg

The absence of curative therapies for advanced or recurrent forms of prostate cancer mandates continued development of novel, more effective treatment regimens. Due to recent advances in basic and translational research, therapeutic vaccines and monoclonal antibody-based therapies are steadily gaining ground as promising treatment modalities against prostate cancer. Several immunotherapeutic products have recently been investigated in later-phase trials and have reported evidence for clinical benefit while maintaining an excellent quality of life for participants. The cumulative clinical results available to date indicate that immune-based therapies will likely play a role in the treatment of patients with prostate and other malignancies. The objective of this article is to increase awareness of contemporary immunologic therapies and clinical trials of new biologic reagents against prostate cancer. We also seek to encourage urologists to actively participate in clinical trials and evaluate the potential of immunotherapeutic drugs for impacting standards of care. [Rev Urol. 2007;9(suppl 1):S29-S38]

Prostate cancer Immunotherapy Tumor vaccines Monoclonal antibodies

Volume 11, Number 1 Review Articles

The Role of Immunotherapy in Prostate Cancer: An Overview of Current Approaches in Development

Treatment Review

Michael Risk John M Corman

Ongoing clinical trials provide promise for the introduction of immunotherapy into the armamentarium against prostate cancer, but the precise role for immunotherapy remains to be determined. Combinations of immunotherapies may be needed to improve the response rates and the duration of response. Investigators have begun to examine the effect of immunotherapy in combination with other standard treatment, including as an adjuvant to chemotherapy or radiotherapy and as a neoadjuvant agent before prostatectomy. Although many studies examine efficacy in men with metastatic hormone-refractory prostate cancer, there is some evidence for improved responses at earlier stages of disease: the ability of the tumor to evade the immune system may be lessened with lower tumor burden, or the immune system may already be weakened in men with later stages of disease.[Rev Urol. 2009;11(1):16-27]

Prostate cancer Immunotherapy Vaccine

Volume 12, Number 1 Review Articles

Emerging Vaccine Therapy Approaches for Prostate Cancer

Treatment Update

Jonathan M Levitt David M Spencer Guru Sonpavde Kevin M Slawin

Prostate cancer vaccines attempt to induce clinically relevant, cancer-specific systemic immune responses in patients with prostate cancer and represent a new class of targeted, nontoxic therapies. With a growing array of vaccine technologies in preclinical or clinical development, autologous antigen-presenting cell vaccines loaded with the antigen, prostate acid phosphatase, and poxvirus vaccines targeting prostate-specific antigen have recently demonstrated a significant survival benefit in randomized trials of patients with metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer, whereas others have failed to demonstrate any benefit. The combination of vaccines with chemotherapy, radiotherapy, and other biologic agents is also being evaluated. Efforts to optimize vaccine approaches and select ideal patient populations need to continue to build on these early successes.[Rev Urol. 2010;12(1):25-34 doi:10.3909/riu0437]

Prostate cancer Immunotherapy Vaccine

Volume 15, Number 4 Review Articles

Intracavitary Immunotherapy and Chemotherapy for Upper Urinary Tract Cancer: Current Evidence

Systematic Review

Angelica Grasso Augusto Maggioni Elena Tondelli Sara Melegari Luca Carmignani Roberto Bianchi Gabriele Cozzi Nicola Macchione Carlo Marenghi Marco Rosso

A review of the literature was performed to summarize current evidence regarding the efficacy of topical immunotherapy and chemotherapy for upper urinary tract urothelial cell carcinoma (UUT-UCC) in terms of post-treatment recurrence rates. A Medline database literature search was performed in March 2012 using the terms upper urinary tract, urothelial cancer, bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG), and mitomycin C. A total of 22 full-text articles were assessed for eligibility, and 19 studies reporting the outcomes of patients who underwent immunotherapy or chemotherapy with curative or adjuvant intent for UUT-UCC were chosen for quantitative analysis. Overall, the role of immunotherapy and chemotherapy for UUT-UCC is not firmly established. The most established practice is the treatment of carcinoma in situ (CIS) with BCG, even if a significant advantage has not yet been proven. The use of BCG as adjuvant therapy after complete resection of papillary UUT-UCC has been studied less extensively, even if recurrence rates are not significantly different than after the treatment of CIS. Only a few reports describe the use of mitomycin C, making it difficult to obtain significant evidence. [Rev Urol. 2013;15(4):145-153 doi: 10.3909/riu0579] © 2014 MedReviews®, LLC

Immunotherapy Chemotherapy Bacillus Calmette-Guérin Upper urinary tract Urothelial cell carcinoma Mitomycin C

Volume 17, Number 4 Review Articles

Sipuleucel-T for the Treatment of Patients With Metastatic Castrate-resistant Prostate Cancer: Considerations for Clinical Practice

Treatment Update

Vladimir Mouraviev Christopher M Pieczonka David Albala Dimitrios Telonis

Sipuleucel-T treatment is associated with a significant and consistent survival benefit in patients with metastatic castrate-resistant prostate cancer. Most adverse events are infusion related, manageable, and of short duration. Early screening and diagnosis of metastatic disease is important, as the greatest survival benefit may occur in patients with a lower disease burden. The short duration of sipuleucel-T treatment facilitates the use of subsequent therapies. Sipuleucel-T is now being used in the clinic for patients with a lower disease burden. We present our own experience with the use of sipuleucel-T in the setting of a large urology practice. [Rev Urol. 2015;17(4):203-210 doi: 10.3909/riu0671] © 2016 MedReviews®, LLC

Immunotherapy Metastatic castrate-resistant prostate cancer Sipuleucel-T Clinical

Volume 18, Number 4 Prostate Cancer Academy

Prostate Cancer Academy 2016: Presentation Summaries

[Rev Urol. 2016;18(4):205-213 doi:10.3909/riuPCA2016] © 2016 MedReviews®, LLC

Immunotherapy Androgen deprivation therapy Cancer screening Cancer, prostate Robotic simple prostatectomy Intensity-modulated radiation therapy