Volume 23, Number 3Kidney CancerResponse to Targeted Therapy and Checkpoint Inhibition in a Patient With Mucinous Tubular and Spindle Cell Carcinoma: A Case Report and Literature ReviewRuchi AgarwalDaniela V. CastroYu Jun LiJaya GoudSalvador Jaime-CasasMucinous tubular and spindle cell carcinoma (MTSCC) is a form of renal cell carcinoma characterized by its tubular structure, mucinous stroma, and spindle-shaped cells. It makes up less than 1% of all renal cell carcinoma cases and has been classically described as indolent, although the disease course varies. Here we analyze the case of a 67-year-old woman with metastatic MTSCC with a sarcomatoid component. The course of treatment was extensive and included targeted therapy and immunotherapy. Thus, this case review offers insight into the heterogeneous clinical course of MTSCC and potential therapeutic options for these patients.Immunotherapyimmune checkpoint inhibitorsCarcinoma, renal cellCarcinomaneoplasms, squamous, mucinous, and serouscarcinoma, tubular
Volume 23, Number 3Bladder CancerImmune Checkpoint Inhibitors for the Treatment of Non–Muscle-Invasive Bladder Cancer: An Overview of Ongoing Clinical TrialsNeal D ShoreTreatment of non–muscle-invasive bladder cancer (NMIBC) is evolving, seeking new treatments to overcome the limitations of bacille Calmette-Guérin therapy and alternatives to radical cystectomy. Studies are currently evaluating the safety and efficacy of immune checkpoint inhibitors in combination with bacille Calmette-Guérin vs bacille Calmette-Guérin monotherapy for patients with high-risk NMIBC that is bacille Calmette-Guérin naive or recurrent after bacille Calmette-Guérin induction. We briefly summarize 4 studies that are evaluating intravenous immune checkpoint inhibitors (atezolizumab, durvalumab, and pembrolizumab) and 1 subcutaneous immune checkpoint inhibitor (sasanlimab). These studies may substantially change standard-of-care treatment for patients with high-risk NMIBC.immune checkpoint inhibitorsMonoclonal antibodiesClinical trialsnon-muscle invasive bladder neoplasms
Volume 21, Number 1Review ArticlesImmunotherapy in Urological TumorsTreatment ReviewNikhil VasdevAnand SharmaNarin SuleymanOliver JonesThe past decade has seen significant improvement in our understanding of tumor biological features, which has led to use of anti-programmed-death 1 (PD-1) and anti-PD ligand-1 (PD-L1) agents and cytotoxic T lymphocytes antigen 4 (CTLA-4) inhibitors in a multitude of cancers. These immunotherapeutic agents have shown activity in melanoma, lung, head and neck, colorectal, urological, and other cancers. This article details the use of immunotherapy agents in urothelial, renal, prostate, and testicular tumors. [Rev Urol. 2019;21(1):15–20] © 2019 MedReviews®, LLCImmunotherapyCytokinesurological tumorsimmune checkpoint inhibitorsrecombinant BCGcell wall-derived therapies