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Directory of Authors from the Journal and their last article.

Andrew P BaranowskiView Articles

Volume 9, Number 2Review Articles

Management of Men Diagnosed With Chronic Prostatitis/Chronic Pelvic Pain Syndrome Who Have Failed Traditional Management

Management Update

J Curtis NickelDean A TrippMichel PontariAndrew P BaranowskiRichard Berger

For many patients, the traditional biomedical model that physicians have used to manage chronic prostatitis does not work. This article describes innovative treatment strategies for chronic prostatitis/chronic pelvic pain syndrome, with an emphasis on novel biomedical physical therapy and biopsychosocial approaches to the management of individualized patient symptoms. [Rev Urol. 2007;9(2):63-72]

Chronic pelvic pain syndromeChronic prostatitisPhysiotherapy

Andrew R McCulloughView Articles
Andrew StammView Articles

Volume 19, Number 3Case Review

Surgical Solution to an Intracorporeal Nickel Allergy

Andrew StammPaul KozlowskiJared Brandenberger

A previously healthy 30-year-old man with a symptomatic varicocele underwent gonadal vein embolization using nickel vascular plugs. He developed a painful hypersensitivity to his nickel plugs and elected to pursue laparoscopic excision and proximal gonadal vein ligation. In the operating room, the gonadal vein was isolated from the ureter, and ligated proximal to the cephalad plug and distal to the caudal coil. His pain is completely resolved 5 months after surgery. Metal allergies are well documented in orthopedics and cardiology implants, but there are a limited number of case reports of metal allergies after varicocele embolization. Interestingly, nickel is the most common type of metal hypersensitivity. [Rev Urol. 2017;19(3):195–197 doi: 10.3909/riu0769] © 2017 MedReviews®, LLC

VaricoceleMetal allergyNickelCoil embolizationGonadal vein

Andrew T LenisView Articles

Volume 21, Number 4Review Articles

Intravesical Therapy for Non-muscle Invasive Bladder Cancer—Current and Future Options in the Age of Bacillus Calmette-Guerin Shortage

Treatment Update

Izak FaienaKarim ChamieVishnukamal GollaAndrew T Lenis

Non-muscle invasive bladder cancer (NMIBC) is a common and burdensome malignancy. A substantial proportion of patients with intermediate- and high-risk disease will progress to invasive bladder cancer and are at a significant risk for metastasis and death. Bacillus Calmette-Guerin (BCG) therapy for selected cases has been the standard of care for nearly 40 years. Unfortunately, a world-wide shortage has made BCG challenging to obtain. Furthermore, recurrences and progressions do occur. With the US Food and Drug Administration creating a clear path to drug approval for novel treatments, many therapies have been tested, including intravesical cytotoxic chemotherapy, intravesical immunotherapy, systemic immunotherapy, and novel agents, such as gene therapy and targeted therapy. In this review, we highlight ongoing clinical trials. [Rev Urol. 2019;21(4):145–153] © 2020 MedReviews®, LLC

ImmunotherapyNon-muscle invasive bladder cancerBladder cancerIntravesical treatmentBCG shortage

Andrew WrightView Articles

Volume 17, Number 1Case Review

Adenocarcinoma of the Urethra With Mucinous Features

Arthi SatyanarayanLucas ReddAnthony DyerAndrew WrightJonathan Walker

Primary adenocarcinoma of the female urethra is a rare malignancy. Previous studies hypothesize multiple origins, including periurethral glands or intestinal metaplasia. We report a case of a 60-year-old white woman with adenocarcinoma of the urethra who initially presented with obstructive voiding complaints secondary to a urethral mass. Wide local excision revealed invasive adenocarcinoma of the urethra with mucinous features. There was intestinal metaplasia adjacent to the tumor, as well as separate identification of intestinal metaplasia along the urethra. Ultimately, the patient underwent radical cystectomy with ileal conduit urinary diversion with no evidence of recurrence, indicating the role of early identification and surgical intervention for such cases. [Rev Urol. 2015;17(1):38-41 doi: 10.3909/riu0622] © 2015 MedReviews®, LLC

UrethraUrethral adenocarcinomaSkene glandGenital tract tumorRadical cystectomy

Andrew Y SunView Articles

Volume 23, Number 1Men's Health

Contemporary Management of Male Hypogonadism

Andrew Y Sun

Male hypogonadism affects up to 40% of men and is becoming more prominent because of increasingly prevalent medical comorbidities. Because various forms of treatment are available today, physicians should discuss drug efficacy and safety while simultaneously ensuring that therapy forms are in alignment with patient preferences. Treatment adherence is critical to sustaining patient health outcomes.

HypogonadismHormone replacementtestosterone deficiency

Angela FagerlinView Articles
Angela G MysliwiecView Articles
Angelica GrassoView Articles

Volume 15, Number 4Review Articles

Intracavitary Immunotherapy and Chemotherapy for Upper Urinary Tract Cancer: Current Evidence

Systematic Review

Luca CarmignaniRoberto BianchiGabriele CozziNicola MacchioneCarlo MarenghiSara MelegariMarco RossoElena TondelliAugusto MaggioniAngelica Grasso

A review of the literature was performed to summarize current evidence regarding the efficacy of topical immunotherapy and chemotherapy for upper urinary tract urothelial cell carcinoma (UUT-UCC) in terms of post-treatment recurrence rates. A Medline database literature search was performed in March 2012 using the terms upper urinary tract, urothelial cancer, bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG), and mitomycin C. A total of 22 full-text articles were assessed for eligibility, and 19 studies reporting the outcomes of patients who underwent immunotherapy or chemotherapy with curative or adjuvant intent for UUT-UCC were chosen for quantitative analysis. Overall, the role of immunotherapy and chemotherapy for UUT-UCC is not firmly established. The most established practice is the treatment of carcinoma in situ (CIS) with BCG, even if a significant advantage has not yet been proven. The use of BCG as adjuvant therapy after complete resection of papillary UUT-UCC has been studied less extensively, even if recurrence rates are not significantly different than after the treatment of CIS. Only a few reports describe the use of mitomycin C, making it difficult to obtain significant evidence. [Rev Urol. 2013;15(4):145-153 doi: 10.3909/riu0579] © 2014 MedReviews®, LLC

ImmunotherapyChemotherapyBacillus Calmette-GuérinUpper urinary tractUrothelial cell carcinomaMitomycin C

Aniebietabasi S ObortView Articles

Volume 15, Number 3Review Articles

Prostate-Specific Antigen: Any Successor in Sight?

Diagnostic Review

Aniebietabasi S ObortMary B AjadiOluyemi Akinloye

Prostate cancer (PCa) is the most frequently diagnosed malignancy and the second leading cause of cancer death in men in the United States and other parts of the world. The lifetime risk of being diagnosed with PCa is approximately 16%. At present, the only widely accepted screening tools for PCa are prostate-specific antigen (PSA) and digital rectal examination. PSA is known to be prostate specific, but not PCa specific, and hence lacks the sensitivity to detect a large number of tumors, especially during the early stages. The PSA level is also known to be affected by many factors, such as medication, inflammation (benign prostatic hyperplasia and prostatitis), and urologic manipulation; hence, the controversy regarding the appropriate level of serum PSA that should trigger a biopsy or have clinical relevance to prostate metastases. Attempts to determine the level of prostate cells in peripheral blood by reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction did not significantly improve cancer diagnosis or predict postoperative failure. Therefore, the search continues for a novel biomarker or a panel of markers as well as other possible interventions to improve the use of PSA. This article reviews several possibilities. [Rev Urol. 2013;15(3):97-107 doi 10.3909/riu0567] © 2013 MedReviews®, LLC

Prostate-specific antigenProstate carcinomaProstate diagnostic or screening test

Anirban P MitraView Articles

Volume 10, Number 1Review Articles

Superficial Bladder Cancer: An Update on Etiology, Molecular Development, Classification, and Natural History

Treatment Update

Richard J CoteDavid Y JosephsonAnirban P MitraErik PasinJohn P Stein

Superficial “non–muscle-invasive” bladder tumors represent a heterogeneous group of cancers, including those that are (1) papillary in nature and limited to the mucosa, (2) high grade and flat and confined to the epithelium, and (3) invasive into the submucosa, or lamina propria. The goal of treatment is 2-fold: (1) to reduce tumor recurrence and the subsequent need for additional therapies and the morbidity associated with these treatments and (2) to prevent tumor progression and the subsequent need for more aggressive therapy. This update reviews important contemporary concepts in the etiology, molecular mechanisms, classification, and natural history of superficial bladder cancer. [Rev Urol. 2008;10(1):31-43]

Transitional cell carcinomaBladder neoplasmsNon–muscle-invasive tumorMolecular mechanismsGenitourinary tumors

Ann E AndersonView Articles

Volume 15, Number 4Original Research

Utilization Trends and Positive Biopsy Rates for Prostate Biopsies in the United States: 2005 to 2011

Deepak A KapoorAnn E AndersonCarl A OlssonSavvas E MendrinosDavid G Bostwick

This article assesses the positive biopsy rate and core sampling pattern in patients undergoing needle biopsy of the prostate in the United States at a national reference laboratory (NRL) and anatomic pathology laboratories integrated into urology group practices, and analyzes the relationship between positive biopsy rates and the number of specimen vials per biopsy. For the years 2005 to 2011 we collected pathology data from an NRL, including number of urologists and urology practices referring samples, total specimen vials submitted for prostate biopsies, and final pathologic diagnosis for each case. The diagnoses were categorized as benign, malignant, prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia, or atypical small acinar proliferation. Over the same period, similar data were gathered from urology practices with in-house laboratories performing global pathology services (urology practice laboratories; UPLs) as identified by a survey of members of the Large Urology Group Practice Association. For each year studied, positive biopsy rate and number of specimen vials per biopsy were calculated in aggregate and separately for each site of service. From 2005 to 2011, 437,937 biopsies were submitted in . 4.23 million vials (9.4 specimen vials/biopsy); overall positive biopsy rate was 40.3%—this was identical at both the NRL and UPL (P 5 .97). Nationally, the number of specimen vials per biopsy increased sharply from a mean of 8.8 during 2005 to 2008 to a mean of 10.3 from 2009 to 2011 (difference, 1.5 specimen vials/biopsy; P 5 .03). For the most recent 3-year period (2009-2011), the difference of 0.6 specimen vials per biopsy between the NRL (10.0) and UPL (10.6) was not significant (P 5 0.08). Positive biopsy rate correlated strongly (P , .01) with number of specimen vials per biopsy. The positive prostate biopsy rate is 40.3% and is identical across sites of service. Although there was a national trend toward increased specimen vials per biopsy from 2005 to 2011, from 2009 to 2011 there was no significant difference in specimen vials per biopsy across sites of service. Increased cancer detection rate correlated significantly with increased number of specimens examined. Segregation of prostate biopsy cores into 10 to 12 unique specimen vials has been widely adopted by urologists across sites of service. [Rev Urol. 2013;15(4):137-144 doi: 10.3909/riu0600] © 2014 MedReviews®, LLC

Prostate cancerProstate biopsyUtilization trendsNational reference laboratory

Anna BerryView Articles

Volume 8, Number 4Review Articles

Diagnostic Utility of the ImmunoCyt/uCyt+ Test in Bladder Cancer

Diagnostic Update

Badrinath R KonetyAnna BerryKirsten L Greene

Bladder cancer is a common malignancy in the United States. Although urine cytology is a useful adjunct in both diagnosis and follow-up and is highly sensitive for detecting high-grade tumors, it is limited by decreased sensitivity in detecting low-grade tumors, which constitute the majority of new diagnoses. Additional screening tests with high sensitivity and specificity for urothelial tumors of all grades are indicated to help improve the diagnostic ability of urine cytology as well as to reduce the need for frequent cystoscopies, especially in those with low-risk disease. Several assays have been developed, with the ImmunoCyt/uCyt test (DiagnoCure, Inc., Québec, Canada) being especially promising. Recent studies on the applicability and efficacy of ImmunoCyt/uCyt testing are reviewed, as are its sensitivity, specificity, and predictive value in the follow-up and screening of urothelial malignancies. [Rev Urol. 2006;8(4):190-197]

Bladder cancerCystoscopyImmunoCyt/uCyttestUrothelial malignancies

Anna Sau Kuk PoonView Articles

Volume 16, Number 1Review Articles

The Physiologic and Anesthetic Considerations in Elderly Patients Undergoing Robotic Renal Surgery

Management Review

Nikhil VasdevTim LaneDamian HanburyAnna Sau Kuk PoonGowrie MohanGregory BousteadJames M Adshead

A number of patients are diagnosed with renal malignancies incidentally worldwide. Once a diagnosis of a renal malignancy is established, after a careful evaluation, patients can be offered a robotic nephrectomy or partial nephrectomy. We present a review of the physiologic and anesthetic considerations in elderly patients who are being considered for robotic renal surgery. [Rev Urol. 2014;16(1):1-9 doi: 10.3909/riu0591] © 2014 MedReviews®, LLC

Robotic partial nephrectomyRobotic radical nephrectomyPhysiologic considerationsAnesthetic considerations

Anne R SimoneauView Articles

Volume 8, Supplement 2Review Articles

Treatment- and Disease-Related Complications of Prostate Cancer

16th International Prostate Cancer Update

Anne R Simoneau

One of the highlights of the 16th International Prostate Cancer Update was a session on treatment- and disease-related complications of prostate disease. It began with presentation of a challenging case of rising prostate-specific antigen levels after radical prostatectomy, followed by an overview of the use of zoledronic acid in prostate cancer, a review of side effects of complementary medicines, an overview of complications of cryotherapy, an assessment of complications of brachytherapy and external beam radiation therapy, and a comparison of laparoscopy versus open prostatectomy. [Rev Urol. 2006;8(suppl 2):S56-S67]

Prostate cancerBisphosphonatesCryotherapyComplementary medicine

Annelies VellekoopView Articles
Anthony DyerView Articles

Volume 16, Number 2Case Review

Immunoglobulin G4–related Retroperitoneal Fibrosis of the Pelvis

Anthony DyerPeter M SadowErika BracamonteMatthew Gretzer

Retroperitoneal fibrosis (RPF) is a rare disease characterized by the replacement of normal tissue with fibrosis and/or inflammation. In this case, a 68-year-old man presented with RPF in the pelvis, a rare location for this disease. Biopsies were performed, which showed elevated levels of C-reactive protein, erythrocyte sedimentation rate, and, most importantly, immunoglobulin G4 (IgG4). It has been postulated that IgG4-related sclerosing disease is a systemic disease. Treatment has been successful with systemic corticosteroids. [Rev Urol. 2014;16(2):92-94 doi: 10.3909/riu0594] © 2014 MedReviews®, LLC

Retroperitoneal fibrosisSerum immunoglobulin G4

Anthony TolcherView Articles
Anthony V D'AmicoView Articles
Anton StangelbergerView Articles

Volume 10, Number 2Review Articles

Prostate Cancer in Elderly Men

Treatment Update

Bob DjavanAnton StangelbergerMatthias Waldert

Due to increasing life expectancy and the introduction of prostate-specific antigen (PSA) screening, a rising number of elderly men are diagnosed with prostate cancer. Besides PSA serum levels and Gleason score, age is considered to be a key prognostic factor in terms of treatment decisions. In men older than 70 years, treatment without curative intent may deprive the frail patient of years of life. Modern radical prostatectomy techniques are associated with low perioperative morbidity, excellent clinical outcome, and documented long-term disease control. Thus, radical prostatectomy should be considered because local treatment of organ-confined prostate cancer potentially cures disease. The huge extent of PSA screening programs may lead to overdiagnosis of prostate cancer. Not every man who is diagnosed with prostate cancer will develop clinically significant disease. This has led to the concept of expectant management for screen-detected, small-volume, low-grade disease, with the intention of providing therapy for those men with disease progression. [Rev Urol. 2008;10(2):111-119]

Prostate cancerElderly menScreeningQuality of lifeProstate-specific antigenOvertreatment