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Scrotal eczemaView Articles

Volume 17, Number 4Case Review

Sorafenib-induced Scrotal Eczema

Selahattin Caliskan

Sorafenib is an orally active, small-molecule multikinase inhibitor that blocks tumor cell proliferation and angiogenesis. Studies have shown that it is a highly potent, selective inhibitor of vascular endothelial growth factor receptors 2 and 3, platelet-derived growth factor-β, RAF, FLT-3, and c-Kit. This drug was recently approved for the treatment of metastatic renal cell carcinoma and hepatocellular carcinoma. We report a case of a patient treated with sorafenib for metastatic renal cell carcinoma who developed scrotal eczema. [Rev Urol. 2015;17(4):250-251 doi: 10.3909/riu0648] © 2016 MedReviews®, LLC

SorafenibScrotal eczemaHand-foot skin reaction

Scrotal massView Articles

Volume 11, Number 2Case Review

Genitourinary Sarcoidosis

Edmund S SabaneghPravin K Rao

Genitourinary involvement of sarcoidosis can mimic many common urologic conditions. Although sarcoidosis is a benign inflammatory condition, it can present much like malignant or infectious conditions; thus, failed diagnosis can lead to unnecessary medications or surgical procedures. In addition, management choices for patients with scrotal findings have important implications for future fertility. Thus, this uncommon condition should be on the differential diagnosis for any urologic patient. The authors report on a patient with a scrotal mass as his presenting symptom of sarcoidosis and review the diagnosis, implications, and management of sarcoidosis involving all potential sites in the urinary tract.[Rev Urol. 2009;11(2):108-113]

UrologySarcoidosisGenitourinaryScrotal mass

Scrotal painView Articles
ScrotumView Articles

Volume 13, Number 2Case Review

Idiopathic Scrotal Calcinosis: A Non-Elucidated Pathogenesis and Its Surgical Treatment

Abdelhak KhalloukMohamed Jamal El FassiMoulay Hassan FarihOussama El YazamiMohamed Fadl TaziSoufiane Mellas

Scrotal calcinosis (SC) is a rare, benign entity defined as the presence of multiple calcified nodules within the scrotal skin. In most cases, there are no associated symptoms. We report the case of 27-year-old man with a massive SC. Treatment was surgical with complete excision of the affected part of the scrotum wall. Histopathologically, there was no epithelial lining around the calcified nodules and no cystic structure. Therefore, our case was considered idiopathic SC [Rev Urol. 2011;13(2):95-97 doi: 10.3909/riu0481] © 2011 MedReviews®, LLC

TreatmentCalcinosisIdiopathicScrotumSurgery

Secondary malignancy of kidneyView Articles

Volume 11, Number 1Case Review

Renal Involvement by Chronic Myelomonocytic Leukemia Requiring Nephroureterectomy

Samir S TanejaJonathan MelamedOjas D ShahElias S HyamsRaavi Gupta

Chronic monomyelocytic leukemia (CMML) is a relatively rare clonal hematologic disorder with features of myelodysplastic syndrome and myeloproliferative disease. Renal impairment from CMML is infrequent and can result from both direct (ie, infiltrative) and indirect (eg, vasculitis, infarction) mechanisms. This case report describes a patient with refractory gross hematuria requiring nephroureterectomy with diffuse involvement of the upper tract by CMML and accompanying extramedullary hematopoiesis. Underscored are the need to maintain a broad differential diagnosis for upper tract lesions in the setting of gross hematuria, and the potential need for drastic measures to control upper tract bleeding if conservative measures fail.[Rev Urol. 2009;11(1):33-37]

Gross hematuriaSecondary malignancy of kidneyLeukemia

Seed brachytherapyView Articles
Segmental arterial mediolysisView Articles
SELDI-TOFView Articles

Volume 5, Number 3Meeting Reviews

Best of the 2003 AUA Annual Meeting

Highlights from the 2003 Annual Meeting of the American Urological Association, April 26-May 1, 2003

Dean G AssimosEllen ShapiroAlan W PartinMichael B ChancellorJ Curtis NickelJacob RajferClaus G RoehrbornMichael K BrawerRandall B MeachamBob DjavanArie S BelldegrunAllan J PantuckMesut RemziMichael DobrovitsMatthew B GretzerKazumasa Torimoto

Prostate cancerRenal cell carcinomaBenign prostatic hyperplasiaDepressionBladder cancerLower urinary tract symptomsUrinary tract infectionProstate-specific antigenNephrolithiasisOveractive bladderRadical prostatectomyPeyronie’s diseaseGleason scoreTransrectal ultrasoundErectile dysfunctionChronic prostatitis/chronic pelvic pain syndromeAcute urinary retentionInternational Prostate Symptom ScoreBacille Calmette-Guérin therapyChronic Prostatitis Symptom IndexMTOPS trialPLESS studyProstate tumor markersSELDI-TOF

Selective estrogen receptor modulatorView Articles
Selective serotoninView Articles
SelectivityView Articles

Volume 11, Supplement 1Reviews in Urology

Pathophysiology of Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia: Insights From Medical Therapy for the Disease

Advances in the Pharmacologic Treatment of BPH

Herbert Lepor

The medical treatment of benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) has its roots in the early 1970s. During this era, the first clinical trials investigating α-blockade and androgen deprivation therapy were reported for men with clinical BPH. The observation that clinical BPH was improved following administration of both α-blockers and androgen deprivation therapy supported the evolving paradigm that clinical BPH resulted from dynamic and static pathways. During the past several decades, the evolution of α-blockers for the treatment of BPH has been impacted by innovations targeted to simplify the administration and improve tolerability while maintaining their effectiveness.[Rev Urol. 2009;11(suppl 1):S9–S13 doi: 10.3909/riu11S1S0002]© 2009 MedReviews®, LLC

Bladder outletobstructionSelectivityAdrenergic Receptors

SelectMDxView Articles

Volume 19, Number 4Review Articles

The Use of Biomarkers in Prostate Cancer Screening and Treatment

Treatment Update

Joseph Renzulli IIAshley V AlfordJoseph M Brito IIIKamlesh K YadavShalini S YadavAshutosh K Tewari

Prostate cancer screening and diagnosis has been guided by prostate-specific antigen levels for the past 25 years, but with the most recent US Preventive Services Task Force screening recommendations, as well as concerns regarding overdiagnosis and overtreatment, a new wave of prostate cancer biomarkers has recently emerged. These assays allow the testing of urine, serum, or prostate tissue for molecular signs of prostate cancer, and provide information regarding both diagnosis and prognosis. In this review, we discuss 12 commercially available biomarker assays approved for the diagnosis and treatment of prostate cancer. The results of clinical validation studies and clinical decision-making studies are presented. This information is designed to assist urologists in making clinical decisions with respect to ordering and interpreting these tests for different patients. There are numerous fluid and biopsy-based genomic tests available for prostate cancer patients that provide the physician and patient with different information about risk of future disease and treatment outcomes. It is important that providers be able to recommend the appropriate test for each individual patient; this decision is based on tissue availability and prognostic information desired. Future studies will continue to emphasize the important role of genomic biomarkers in making individualized treatment decisions for prostate cancer patients. [Rev Urol. 2017;19(4):221–234 doi: 10.3909/riu0772] © 2018 MedReviews®, LLC

Prostate cancerBiomarkers4KscoreProlarisPCA3Prostate Health IndexApifinyMichigan Prostate ScoreSelectMDxConfirmMDxProMarkPTEN/TMPRSS2:ERGDecipher

Seminal vesiclesView Articles
SeminomaView Articles

Volume 21, Number 2Reviews in Urology

Massive Intra-abdominal Germ Cell Tumors: A Case Series and Review of Literature

Nirmish SinglaAditya BagrodiaDaniel G Wong

Intra-abdominal testes are at increased risk of malignant transformation and can manifest as large abdominal masses with a wide variation in presenting symptoms. In the setting of cryptorchid or nonpalpable testes, large abdominal masses are highly suspect for germ cell tumors. Without standard guidelines, management can vary extensively. Surgical management may not be trivial and can entail a major abdominal operation in the context of a multimodal approach. The use of biopsy and serum tumor markers may effectively guide sequence of management based upon expected histology. In advanced cases, neoadjuvant chemotherapy may be pursued, and retroperitoneal lymph node dissection may be accomplished at the time of orchiectomy to minimize morbidity. The development of these massive late stage tumors reaffirms current guidelines on the early correction of cryptorchidism. [Rev Urol. 2019;21(2/3):136–140] © 2019 MedReviews®, LLC

TesticularSeminomaNonseminomatous

Sensitivity and specificityView Articles
Sensory nerve testingView Articles
SerotoninView Articles
Sertoli cell tumorView Articles

Volume 16, Number 4Case Review

Testicular Sclerosing Sertoli Cell Tumor: A Case Report and Review of the Literature

Edmund S SabaneghYagil BarazaniSarah ColemanAndres A Roma

Sertoli cell tumors are very rare testicular tumors, representing 0.4% to 1.5% of all testicular malignancies. They are subclassified as classic, large-cell calcifying, and sclerosing Sertoli cell tumors (SSCT) based on distinct clinical features. Only 42 cases of SSCTs have been reported in the literature. We present a case of a 23-year-old man diagnosed with SSCT. [Rev Urol. 2014;16(4):191-193 doi: 10.3909/riu0620] © 2014 MedReviews®, LLC

Testicular neoplasmSertoli cell tumorSclerosing Sertoli cell tumor

Sertoli only syndromeView Articles

Volume 17, Number 1Case Review

Rare Case of Monozygotic Twins Diagnosed With Klinefelter Syndrome During Evaluation for Infertility

Edmund S SabaneghYagil Barazani

Although neither Klinefelter syndrome nor monozygotic twins are particularly rare (1/667 male births and 3-4/1000 live births, respectively), the occurrence of both in the same pregnancy (ie, identical twins with Klinefelter syndrome) is exceedingly rare and has only been reported three times previously in the literature. This report describes the fourth ever reported case of monozygotic twins with Klinefelter syndrome (who presented to our male fertility clinic with failure to conceive) and sheds interesting light on the reproductive concordance observed with this rare clinical entity. To our knowledge, this is the first reported case of monozygotic twins with Klinefelter syndrome that describes the infertility workup and outcomes of microsurgical testicular sperm extraction. [Rev Urol. 2015;17(1):42-45 doi: 10.3909/riu0628] © 2015 MedReviews®, LLC

Klinefelter syndromeMicrosurgical testicular sperm extractionAzoospermiaSertoli only syndromeGerm cell aplasia

Serum hormone-bindingglobulinView Articles
Serum immunoglobulin G4View Articles

Volume 16, Number 2Case Review

Immunoglobulin G4–related Retroperitoneal Fibrosis of the Pelvis

Anthony DyerPeter M SadowErika BracamonteMatthew Gretzer

Retroperitoneal fibrosis (RPF) is a rare disease characterized by the replacement of normal tissue with fibrosis and/or inflammation. In this case, a 68-year-old man presented with RPF in the pelvis, a rare location for this disease. Biopsies were performed, which showed elevated levels of C-reactive protein, erythrocyte sedimentation rate, and, most importantly, immunoglobulin G4 (IgG4). It has been postulated that IgG4-related sclerosing disease is a systemic disease. Treatment has been successful with systemic corticosteroids. [Rev Urol. 2014;16(2):92-94 doi: 10.3909/riu0594] © 2014 MedReviews®, LLC

Retroperitoneal fibrosisSerum immunoglobulin G4

Sex counselingView Articles
Sex hormone-binding globulinView Articles
Sex therapyView Articles
Sexual dysfunctionView Articles
Sexual functionView Articles
Sexual healthView Articles
Sexual medicineView Articles
Sexually transmitted infectionView Articles
Shock wave lithotripsyView Articles