Volume 10, Number 3Review ArticlesHypercalcemic States Associated With NephrolithiasisManagement UpdateDean G AssimosCorey PassmanBrandon L CravenAlthough kidney stone formation due to hypercalcemic states is rare, it is important for urologists to understand the pathophysiology of these conditions, methods of diagnosis, and treatments. This should foster a quicker diagnosis and institution of appropriate therapy. The latter typically leads to the attenuation of kidney stone activity. Moreover, these patients have a systemic disease, and therapy has other health benefits. [Rev Urol. 2008;10(3):218-226]NephrolithiasisVitamin DSarcoidosisHypercalcemiaCalcium homeostasisCalcitriolParathyroid hormoneHyperparathyroidism
Volume 11, Number 2Case ReviewGenitourinary SarcoidosisEdmund S SabaneghPravin K RaoGenitourinary involvement of sarcoidosis can mimic many common urologic conditions. Although sarcoidosis is a benign inflammatory condition, it can present much like malignant or infectious conditions; thus, failed diagnosis can lead to unnecessary medications or surgical procedures. In addition, management choices for patients with scrotal findings have important implications for future fertility. Thus, this uncommon condition should be on the differential diagnosis for any urologic patient. The authors report on a patient with a scrotal mass as his presenting symptom of sarcoidosis and review the diagnosis, implications, and management of sarcoidosis involving all potential sites in the urinary tract.[Rev Urol. 2009;11(2):108-113]UrologySarcoidosisGenitourinaryScrotal mass