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PCA3

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Volume 9, Number 4 Review Articles

Newer Potential Biomarkers in Prostate Cancer

Diagnostic Update

Jonathan L Wright Paul H Lange

Prostate-specific antigen (PSA) screening has led to a significant rise in the number of men diagnosed with prostate cancer and an associated increase in biopsies performed. Despite its limitations, including a positive predictive value of only 25%-40%, PSA remains the only generally accepted biomarker for prostate cancer. There is a need for better tools to not only identify men with prostate cancer, but also to recognize those with potentially lethal disease who will benefit from intervention. A great deal of work has been done worldwide to improve our knowledge of the genetics behind prostate cancer and the specificity of PSA by developing assays for different PSA isoforms. Common genetic alterations in prostate cancer patients have been identified, including CpG hypermethylation of GSPT1 and TMPRSS2:ERG gene fusion. Serum and urine detection of RNA biomarkers (eg, PCA3) and prostate cancer tissue protein antibodies (eg, EPCA) are being evaluated for detection and prognostic tools. This article reviews some of the promising developments in biomarkers. [Rev Urol. 2007;9(4):207-213]

Prostate-specific antigen PCA3 Alpha-methylacyl-CoA racemase Autoantibody arrays Epigenetic markers Gene fusion proteins Human kallikreins PSA isoforms RNA biomarkers

Volume 9, Number 3 Meeting Reviews

Best of the 2007 AUA Annual Meeting

Meeting Review

Michael K Brawer Claus G Roehrborn Jacob Rajfer J Curtis Nickel Dean G Assimos Michael B Chancellor Alan W Partin Ellen Shapiro Danil V Makarov

Highlights from the 2007 Annual Meeting of the American Urological Association May 19-24, 2007 Anaheim, CA [Rev Urol. 2007;9(3):133-154]

Prostate cancer Obesity Benign prostatic hyperplasia Antibiotic prophylaxis Nocturia Lower urinary tract symptoms Botulinum toxin Prostate-specific antigen Biomarkers PCA3 Testosterone Urinary tract infections Urolithiasis Laser ablation Endourology Male voiding dysfunction LHRH antagonists Antimuscarinic agents Circumcision Repeat biopsy Human glandularkallikrein Expectant management CRISP-3 MSP Microvesseldensity Endoglin Survivin Telomeres Interleukin-8 PDE-5 inhibitors Acute urinaryretention 5Alpha-reductase inhibitors Doxazosin Finasteride Transurethral microwave thermotherapy TURP Perioperative blood loss Microbialbiofilms HIV Stem cell injection

Volume 15, Number 2 Meeting Reviews

Best of the 2013 AUA Annual Meeting

Highlights From the 2013 American Urological Association Meeting, May 4-8, 2013, San Diego, CA

Prostate cancer PSA screening Nephrolithiasis Overactive bladder PCA3 Interstitial cystitis Prostate biopsy Transrectal ultrasound Erectile dysfunction Cystectomy Chronic pelvic pain syndrome Shock wave lithotripsy Prostate markers

Volume 19, Number 4 Review Articles

The Use of Biomarkers in Prostate Cancer Screening and Treatment

Treatment Update

Shalini S Yadav Ashutosh K Tewari Kamlesh K Yadav Joseph M Brito III Ashley V Alford Joseph Renzulli II

Prostate cancer screening and diagnosis has been guided by prostate-specific antigen levels for the past 25 years, but with the most recent US Preventive Services Task Force screening recommendations, as well as concerns regarding overdiagnosis and overtreatment, a new wave of prostate cancer biomarkers has recently emerged. These assays allow the testing of urine, serum, or prostate tissue for molecular signs of prostate cancer, and provide information regarding both diagnosis and prognosis. In this review, we discuss 12 commercially available biomarker assays approved for the diagnosis and treatment of prostate cancer. The results of clinical validation studies and clinical decision-making studies are presented. This information is designed to assist urologists in making clinical decisions with respect to ordering and interpreting these tests for different patients. There are numerous fluid and biopsy-based genomic tests available for prostate cancer patients that provide the physician and patient with different information about risk of future disease and treatment outcomes. It is important that providers be able to recommend the appropriate test for each individual patient; this decision is based on tissue availability and prognostic information desired. Future studies will continue to emphasize the important role of genomic biomarkers in making individualized treatment decisions for prostate cancer patients. [Rev Urol. 2017;19(4):221–234 doi: 10.3909/riu0772] © 2018 MedReviews®, LLC

Prostate cancer Biomarkers 4Kscore Prolaris PCA3 Prostate Health Index Apifiny Michigan Prostate Score SelectMDx ConfirmMDx ProMark PTEN/TMPRSS2:ERG Decipher