Tags - Reviews in Urology

Directory of Key words from the Journal and the latest article from it.

Robot-assisted nephroureterectomyView Articles

Systematic Review of Open Versus Laparoscopic Versus Robot-assisted Nephroureterectomy

Systematic Review

Kamran Ahmed Emma Mullen Ben Challacombe

Upper tract urothelial carcinoma is a relatively uncommon malignancy. The gold standard treatment for this type of neoplasm is an open radical nephroureterectomy with excision of the bladder cuff. This systematic review compares the perioperative and oncologic outcomes for the open surgical method with the alternative surgical management options of laparoscopic nephroureterectomy and robot-assisted nephroureterectomy (RANU). MEDLINE, EMBASE, PubMed, and Cochrane Library databases were searched using a sensitive search strategy. Article inclusion was then assessed by review of abstracts and full papers were read if more detail was required. In all, 50 eligible studies were identified that looked at perioperative and oncologic outcomes. The range for estimated blood loss when examining observational studies was 296 to 696 mL for open nephroureterectomy (ONU), 130 to 479 mL for laparoscopic nephroureterectomy (LNU), and 50 to 248 mL for RANU. The one randomized controlled trial identified reported estimated blood loss and length of stay results in which LNU was shown to be superior to ONU (P < .001). No statistical significance was found, however, following adjustment for confounding variables. Although statistically insignificant results were found when examining outcomes of RANU studies, they were promising and comparable with LNU and ONU with regard to oncologic outcomes. Results show that laparoscopic techniques are superior to ONU in perioperative results, and the longer-term oncologic outcomes look comparable. There is, however, a paucity of quality evidence regarding ONU, LNU, and RANU; data that address RANU outcomes are particularly scarce. As the robotic field within urology advances, it is hoped that this technique will be investigated further using gold standard research methods. [Rev Urol. 2017;19(1):32-43 doi: 10.3909/riu0691] © 2017 MedReviews®, LLC

Urothelial carcinoma Robot-assisted nephroureterectomy open nephroureterectomy Laparoscopic nephroureterectomy

Robotic partial cystectomyView Articles

Volume 17, Number 1 Case Review

En Bloc Robot-assisted Laparoscopic Partial Cystectomy, Urachal Resection, and Pelvic Lymphadenectomy for Urachal Adenocarcinoma

Christopher R Williams Keyur Chavda Paul Abrams

Primary adenocarcinomas of the bladder and urachus are extremely rare, accounting for 0.5% to 2.0% of all bladder malignancies. During fetal development, the urachus develops into the median umbilical ligament that stretches from the umbilicus to the bladder. Adenocarcinoma accounts for 90% of all cases of urachal carcinoma. There is no consensus regarding the management of urachal carcinoma. Although the preferred treatment is wide local excision with partial or radical cystectomy, bladder-sparing management is increasing. We report a case of robot-assisted laparoscopic partial cystectomy with en bloc resection of the urachus and bilateral pelvic lymphadenectomy for urachal carcinoma. The robot-assisted laparoscopic approach allowed us to minimize surgical morbidity, postoperative pain, and convalescent time while maintaining the oncologic principle of wide local excision. [Rev Urol. 2015;17(1):46-49 doi: 10.3909/riu0630] © 2015 MedReviews®, LLC

Urachal adenocarcinoma Robotic partial cystectomy Pelvic lymphadenectomy

Robotic partial nephrectomyView Articles

Volume 16, Number 1 Review Articles

The Physiologic and Anesthetic Considerations in Elderly Patients Undergoing Robotic Renal Surgery

Management Review

Nikhil Vasdev Tim Lane Damian Hanbury Anna Sau Kuk Poon Gowrie Mohan Gregory Boustead James M Adshead

A number of patients are diagnosed with renal malignancies incidentally worldwide. Once a diagnosis of a renal malignancy is established, after a careful evaluation, patients can be offered a robotic nephrectomy or partial nephrectomy. We present a review of the physiologic and anesthetic considerations in elderly patients who are being considered for robotic renal surgery. [Rev Urol. 2014;16(1):1-9 doi: 10.3909/riu0591] © 2014 MedReviews®, LLC

Robotic partial nephrectomy Robotic radical nephrectomy Physiologic considerations Anesthetic considerations

Robotic radical nephrectomyView Articles

Volume 16, Number 1 Review Articles

The Physiologic and Anesthetic Considerations in Elderly Patients Undergoing Robotic Renal Surgery

Management Review

Nikhil Vasdev Tim Lane Damian Hanbury Anna Sau Kuk Poon Gowrie Mohan Gregory Boustead James M Adshead

Robotic partial nephrectomy Robotic radical nephrectomy Physiologic considerations Anesthetic considerations

Robotic simple prostatectomyView Articles

Volume 17, Number 3 Review Articles

The Role of Minimally Invasive Surgical Techniques in the Management of Large-gland Benign Prostatic Hypertrophy

Management Update

Ojas Shah Herbert Lepor Ganesh Sivarajan Michael S Borofsky James E Lingeman

Lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS) secondary to benign prostatic hypertrophy (BPH) are among the most common medical issues for aging men. Population-based studies suggest that 13.8% of men in their 40s and more than 40% of men over age 60 have BPH. When LUTS are refractory to medical therapy and bothersome enough to warrant surgical intervention, transurethral resection of the prostate and open simple prostatectomy have been the historical reference-standard procedures for decades. Both procedures are highly effective and offer durable improvements in urinary functional outcomes. However, they also have the potential for considerable perioperative complications and morbidity. In an effort to limit surgical morbidity, a variety of minimally invasive surgical techniques to treat BPH have been introduced. Herein we present a comprehensive, evidence-based review of the efficacy and safety profile of modern minimally invasive treatments for large-gland BPH. [Rev Urol. 2015;17(3):140-149 doi: 10.3909/riu0675] © 2015 MedReviews®, LLC

Lower urinary tract symptoms Robotic simple prostatectomy Benign prostatic hypertrophy GreenLight photovaporization Holmium laser enucleation of the prostate (HoLEP)

robotic surgical proceduresView Articles

Volume 23, Number 3 Prostate Cancer

Advances in Radical Prostatectomy: A Narrative Review

Austin Drysch Kathryn E. Fink Chalairat Suk-Ouichai Mitchell M. Huang Kent T. Perry Hiten D. Patel Ashley E. Ross

Radical prostatectomy (RP) is the mainstay surgical treatment for men with localized prostate cancer. The use of robot-assisted RP (RARP) has specifically allowed for the development of novel techniques to improve postoperative quality of life for patients.

Prostatic neoplasms Prostatectomy Robotic-assisted surgery robotic surgical procedures

Robotic ureterolysisView Articles

Volume 8, Number 4 Reviews in Urology

Robotic Ureterolysis, Retroperitoneal Biopsy, and Omental Wrap for the Treatment of Ureteral Obstruction Due to Idiopathic Retroperitoneal Fibrosis

Case Review

Patrick W Mufarrij Michael D Stifelman

Retroperitoneal fibrosis (RPF) is a rare disorder of unclear etiology characterized by chronic inflammation of the retroperitoneum, which can involve any of the retroperitoneal structures, most notably the ureters, aorta, and vena cava. Historically, open biopsy, ureterolysis, and transpositioning or omental wrapping of the involved ureter(s) have been the preferred surgical treatments of RPF, with success rates greater than 90%. More recently, successful laparoscopic biopsy, ureterolysis, and ureteral omental wrapping and intraperitonealization have been described. We report the first case in the literature of idiopathic RPF managed with robotic ureterolysis and laparoscopic omental ureteral wrapping. [Rev Urol. 2006;8(4):226-230]

Retroperitoneal fibrosis Robotic ureterolysis Omental wrap

Robotic-assistedView Articles

Volume 11, Number 2 Review Articles

Status of Radical Prostatectomy in 2009: Is There Medical Evidence to Justify the Robotic Approach?

Treatment Review

Herbert Lepor

This article presents the evolution of open radical retropubic prostatectomy (ORRP) into a minimally invasive procedure and reviews the literature to provide a legitimate comparison between ORRP and robotic-assisted laparoscopic radical retropubic prostatectomy (RALRP). The article is limited to manuscripts cited in the peer-reviewed literature, and an effort was made to identify those articles that fulfilled the highest level of medical evidence. In centers of excellence, ORRP is performed with no mortality, extraordinarily low technical and medical complications (1%), the rare need for blood transfusions, 1- to 2-day hospital stays, urinary catheters that are routinely removed in a week, the majority of men returning to work in 2 weeks, and up to 97% of men regaining urinary continence. Return of potency remains a challenge, especially for older men with marginal erections. RALRP is now the most common approach for the surgical removal of the malignant prostate. A critical review of the literature fails to support the marketing claims that RALRP is associated with shorter hospitalization, less pain, better cosmetics, shorter catheter time, lower transfusion rates, or improved continence and potency rates. The highest level of medical evidence suggests that RALRP may significantly compromise oncologic outcomes and that men undergoing this approach have higher regret rates than men undergoing ORRP.[Rev Urol. 2009;11(2):61-70]

Prostate cancer Robotic-assisted Open radical retropubic prostatectomy

Robotic-assisted radical prostatectomyView Articles

Volume 8, Number 3 Meeting Reviews

Best of the 2006 AUA Annual Meeting

Meeting Review

Danil V Makarov Ellen Shapiro Alan W Partin Michael B Chancellor Victor W Nitti J Curtis Nickel Jacob Rajfer Claus G Roehrborn Michael K Brawer Arie S Belldegrun John P Stein John P Mulhall Tobias Klatte Michael E Aldridge Li-Ming Su Shachi Tyagi

Highlights from the 2006 Annual Meeting of the American Urological Association May 20–25, 2006 Atlanta, GA

Prostate cancer Infertility Benign prostatic hyperplasia Bladder cancer Kidney cancer Lower urinary tract symptoms Bladder exstrophy Overactive bladder Interstitial cystitis Stress urinary incontinence Peyronie’s disease Spina bifida Neurogenic bladder Erectile dysfunction Chronic pelvic pain syndrome Chronic prostatitis Tumor markers Androgen replacement therapy Ejaculatory dysfunction Anorectal malformations Renal stones Robotic-assisted radical prostatectomy

Robotic-assisted surgeryView Articles

Volume 23, Number 3 Prostate Cancer

Advances in Radical Prostatectomy: A Narrative Review

Austin Drysch Kathryn E. Fink Chalairat Suk-Ouichai Mitchell M. Huang Kent T. Perry Hiten D. Patel Ashley E. Ross

Prostatic neoplasms Prostatectomy Robotic-assisted surgery robotic surgical procedures

RoboticsView Articles

Volume 1, Number 2 Review Articles

Telemedicine and Surgical Robotics: Urologic Applications

Techniques & Technology

Dan Stoianovici Benjamin R Lee Jeffrey A Cadeddu Louis Kavoussi

Robotics Telemedicine Percutaneous access

Rosai-Dorfman diseaseView Articles

Volume 21, Number 1 Case Review

Symptomatic Rosai-Dorfman Disease Presenting as Isolated Bilateral Perinephric Infiltration

Bryant Van Leeuwen Daniel J Kmetz Dennis Bentley

This case explores a rare initial presentation of Rosai-Dorfman disease isolated to the peri-renal space. Also described as sinus histiocytosis with massive lymphadenopathy, Rosai-Dorfman disease is non-neoplastic and most often presents with massive cervical lymphadenopathy, but the disease can affect any organ system. Not often considered by those in the urology community or found in urology journals, this report reviews a clinical presentation of Rosai-Dorfman disease affecting bilateral kidneys and the fundamental histopathology needed for its diagnosis. [Rev Urol. 2019;21(1):41–44] © 2019 MedReviews®, LLC

Rosai-Dorfman disease Sinus histiocytosis with massive lymphadenopathy

Rotterdam Prostate Cancer Risk CalculatorView Articles

Volume 16, Number 2 Meeting Reviews

Prostate Cancer Screening

Highlights From the 29th European Association of Urology Congress

Stacy Loeb

Prostate cancer screening Prostate-specific antigen European Randomized Study of Screening for Prostate Cancer Rotterdam Prostate Cancer Risk Calculator

Roux-en-Y gastric bypass surgeryView Articles

Volume 11, Number 2 Meeting Reviews

Best of the 2009 AUA Annual Meeting

Highlights From the 2009 Annual Meeting of the American Urological Association, April 25-30, 2009, Chicago, IL

Dean G Assimos Ellen Shapiro Alan W Partin Michael B Chancellor Stacy Loeb J Curtis Nickel Claus G Roehrborn Michael K Brawer Naoki Yoshimura Arie S Belldegrun B Shuch F Pouliot

Prostate cancer screening Obesity Benign prostatic hyperplasia Lower urinary tract symptoms Vesicoureteral reflux Nephrolithiasis Stress urinary incontinence Inflammation Silodosin Hormonal therapy Tumor markers TMPRSS2ERG 4-Kallikrein panel Botulinum toxin type A Male voiding dysfunction Benign prostatic specific antigen Roux-en-Y gastric bypass surgery Genitourinary pain index UPOINT clinical phenotype system Nephron-sparing surgery Watchful waiting Laparoscopy for adrenal cortical carcinoma Partial adrenalectomy Urethral trauma Pediatric urethral stricture Enteric urologic surgery

RuptureView Articles

Volume 13, Number 3 Review Articles

Lower Urinary Tract Injuries Following Blunt Trauma: A Review of Contemporary Management

Management Review

Peter L Royce Matthew F Bultitude Jennifer Kong Russell Gruen Alex Cato Niall Corcoran

Lower urinary tract trauma, although relatively uncommon in blunt trauma, can lead to significant morbidity when diagnosed late or left untreated; urologists may only encounter a handful of these injuries in their career. This article reviews the literature and reports on the management of these injuries, highlighting the issues facing clinicians in this subspecialty. Also presented is a structured review detailing the mechanisms, classification, diagnosis, management, and complications of blunt trauma to the bladder and urethra. The prognosis for bladder rupture is excellent when treated. Significant intraperitoneal rupture or involvement of the bladder neck mandates surgical repair, whereas smaller extraperitoneal lacerations may be managed with catheterization alone. With the push for management of trauma patients in larger centers, urologists in these hospitals are seeing increasing numbers of lower urinary tract injuries. Prospective analysis may be achieved in these centers to address the current lack of Level 1 evidence.[Rev Urol. 2011;13(3):119-130 doi: 10.3909/riu0521] © 2011 MedReviews®, LLC

Urethra Multiple trauma Rupture Urinary bladder Wounds

Sacral nerveView Articles

Volume 4, Supplement 1 Supplement

Neuromodulation for the Treatment of Refractory Interstitial Cystitis

Kenneth M Peters

Interstitial cystitis Neuromodulation Pelvic pain Sacral nerve

SafetyView Articles

Volume 22, Number 3 Review Articles

The Impact of Systematic Safety Precautions on COVID-19 Risk Exposure and Transmission Rates in Outpatient Healthcare Workers

Deepak A Kapoor Kathleen Latino Ann E Anderson Gillian Hodes Jonathan Anderson Marcus Cognetti Chiraag Patel

We evaluated the impact of safety protocols, including rapid testing and contact tracing, on coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) risk exposure and transmission rates amongst healthcare workers in the outpatient care setting. Over an 11-week period, a total of 254 employees representing 38% of our total workforce had potential COVID-19 exposure and underwent voluntary COVID-19 testing. Data was stratified based on severity of risk exposure and job description. During this period, the probability of a COVID exposure being high risk decreased in Administrative (293.0%; P < 0.01) and Clinical (277.0%; P < 0.01) staff; simultaneously, viral transmission rates declined in Administrative (273.4%; P = 0.03) and Clinical (269.9%; P = 0.04) staff as well. Systematic safety protocols effectively reduce exposure risk and transmission rates in outpatient healthcare workers and should be ubiquitously adopted. [Rev Urol. 2020;22(3):93-101] © 2020 MedReviews®, LLC

Safety COVID-19 diagnostic testing Contact tracing

Salvage radiation therapyView Articles

Volume 19, Number 3 Case Review

High Postprostatectomy Prostate-specific Antigen Level Prior to Salvage Radiation Therapy Is Not Always a Bad Sign

John T Rathbun Thomas M Schroeder Steven C Eberhardt

Although radical prostatectomy is a popular treatment modality for clinically localized prostate cancer, 10-year biochemical recurrence can reach 28%. Before salvage radiation therapy (SRT), prostate-specific antigen (PSA) values alone should be used cautiously in predicting SRT eligibility. A long, slow PSA rise may suggest locally confined disease still amenable to SRT; corresponding imaging to identify potential gross recurrence is useful. Patients with local disease may safely benefit from higher doses of radiation. [Rev Urol. 2017;19(3):190–194 doi: 10.3909/riu0754] © 2017 MedReviews®, LLC

Prostate-specific antigen Radical prostatectomy Salvage radiation therapy

Salvage therapyView Articles

Volume 4, Supplement 2 Supplement

Treatment Options After Failure of Radiation Therapy--A Review

Daniel B Rukstalis

Salvage therapy Early detection Radiorecurrent prostate cancer Toxicity

Samarium Sm 153 lexidronamView Articles

Volume 6, Supplement 10 Supplement

Overview of Samarium Sm 153 Lexidronam in the Treatment of Painful Metastatic Bone Disease

Oliver Sartor

Prostate cancer Samarium Sm 153 lexidronam Metastatic bone disease Bone scan Radionuclides

SarcoidosisView Articles

Volume 10, Number 3 Review Articles

Hypercalcemic States Associated With Nephrolithiasis

Sclerosing Sertoli cell tumorView Articles

Volume 16, Number 4 Case Review

Testicular Sclerosing Sertoli Cell Tumor: A Case Report and Review of the Literature

Edmund S Sabanegh Yagil Barazani Sarah Coleman Andres A Roma

Sertoli cell tumors are very rare testicular tumors, representing 0.4% to 1.5% of all testicular malignancies. They are subclassified as classic, large-cell calcifying, and sclerosing Sertoli cell tumors (SSCT) based on distinct clinical features. Only 42 cases of SSCTs have been reported in the literature. We present a case of a 23-year-old man diagnosed with SSCT. [Rev Urol. 2014;16(4):191-193 doi: 10.3909/riu0620] © 2014 MedReviews®, LLC

Testicular neoplasm Sertoli cell tumor Sclerosing Sertoli cell tumor

Scoring systemView Articles

Volume 18, Number 1 Review Articles

Nephrolithometric Scoring Systems to Predict Outcomes of Percutaneous Nephrolithotomy

Management Update

Simone L Vernez Zhamshid Okhunov Piruz Motamedinia Vincent Bird Zeph Okeke Arthur Smith

Currently, there is no single agreement upon an ideal predictive model that characterizes the complexity of renal stones and predicts surgical outcomes following percutaneous nephrolithotomy (PCNL). New predictive tools have recently emerged to systematically and quantitatively assess kidney stone complexity to predict outcomes following PCNL: the Guy’s Stone Score, the CROES nomogram, S.T.O.N.E. nephrolithometry, and S-ReSC score. An ideal scoring system should include variables that both influence surgical planning and are predictive of postoperative outcomes. This review discusses the strengths, weaknesses, and commonalities of each of the above scoring systems. Additionally, we propose future directions for the development and analysis of surgical treatment for stone disease, namely, the importance of assessing radiation exposure and patient quality of life when counseling patients on treatment options. [Rev Urol. 2016;18(1):15-27 doi: 10.3909/riu0693] © 2016 MedReviews®, LLC

Percutaneous nephrolithotomy Urolithiasis Scoring system Nomograms

ScreeningView Articles

Volume 2, Supplement 4 Supplement

Early Diagnosis and Staging of Prostate Cancer

Joseph C Presti John Lynch Fritz H Schroeder Peter S Albert

Prostate cancer Screening Pelvic lymphadenectomy Systematic prostate biopsy

Main Content

Top Content