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Urolithiasis

All articles from this key word are listed below.

Volume 3, Number 1 Meeting Reviews

Current and Coming Endourology

18th World Congress on Endourology and SWL and 16th Basic Research Symposium

Michael K Brawer

Ureteroscopy Laparoscopy Benign prostatic hyperplasia Urolithiasis Shock wave lithotripsy Carcinoma, renal Ureteropelvic junction obstruction

Volume 4, Number 2 Review Articles

Reconsideration of the 1988 NIH Consensus Statement on Prevention and Treatment of Kidney Stones: Are the Recommendations Out of Date?

Treatment Update

David S Goldfarb

Kidney Urolithiasis Oxalates Citrates Kidney calculi/diet therapy

Volume 9, Number 3 Meeting Reviews

Best of the 2007 AUA Annual Meeting

Meeting Review

Michael K Brawer Dean G Assimos Danil V Makarov Ellen Shapiro Alan W Partin Michael B Chancellor J Curtis Nickel Jacob Rajfer Claus G Roehrborn

Highlights from the 2007 Annual Meeting of the American Urological Association May 19-24, 2007 Anaheim, CA [Rev Urol. 2007;9(3):133-154]

Prostate cancer Obesity Benign prostatic hyperplasia Antibiotic prophylaxis Nocturia Lower urinary tract symptoms Botulinum toxin Prostate-specific antigen Biomarkers PCA3 Testosterone Urinary tract infections Urolithiasis Laser ablation Endourology Male voiding dysfunction LHRH antagonists Antimuscarinic agents Circumcision Repeat biopsy Human glandularkallikrein Expectant management CRISP-3 MSP Microvesseldensity Endoglin Survivin Telomeres Interleukin-8 PDE-5 inhibitors Acute urinaryretention 5Alpha-reductase inhibitors Doxazosin Finasteride Transurethral microwave thermotherapy TURP Perioperative blood loss Microbialbiofilms HIV Stem cell injection

Volume 9, Number 1 Review Articles

Uric Acid Nephrolithiasis: Recent Progress and Future Directions

Management Update

Tin C Ngo Dean G Assimos

The prevalence of urolithiasis has been increasing for the past few decades in industrialized nations. Uric acid calculi account for a significant percentage of urinary stones. Certain risk factors may be involved in the pathogenesis of uric acid nephrolithiasis, including hyperuricosuria, low urinary volume, and persistently low urinary pH. Patients with medical conditions that promote profound hyperuricosuria are at high risk of developing uric acid calculi. These conditions include chronic diarrheal states; myeloproliferative disorders; insulin resistance, including diabetes mellitus; and monogenic metabolic disorders, such as Lesch-Nyhan syndrome. Computed tomography can provide a definitive diagnosis. Except in cases in which there is severe obstruction, progressive azotemia, serious infection, or unremitting pain, the initial treatment of patients with uric acid nephrolithiasis should be medical dissolution therapy because this approach is successful in the majority of cases. A thorough review of the epidemiology and pathophysiology of uric acid nephrolithiasis is crucial for the diagnosis, treatment, and prevention of stones in patients with this condition. [Rev Urol. 2007;9(1):17-27]

Urolithiasis Uric acid nephrolithiasis Hyperuricosuria Gout

Volume 12, Number 1 Case Review

Transitional Cell Carcinoma Within a Calyceal Diverticulum Associated With Stone Disease

Case Review

Corey Passman Jack M Zuckerman Dean G Assimos

We report a case of transitional cell carcinoma (TCC) discovered within a calyceal diverticulum at the time of percutaneous nephrolithotomy. The stones and tumor were endoscopically removed and the diverticular cavity fulgurated. Pathologic analysis demonstrated low-grade TCC. A subsequent laparoscopic radical nephroureterectomy was performed and high-grade TCC invading the parenchyma was found. This case demonstrates the potential for TCC to develop in stone-containing calyceal diverticula and also the potential for coexistence of different grades of TCC within the involved renal unit.[Rev Urol. 2010;12(1):52-55 doi: 10.3909/riu0446]

Percutaneous nephrolithotomy Urinary tract infection Transitional cell carcinoma Urolithiasis Calyceal diverticulum Stone

Volume 16, Number 3 Review Articles

Taxi Cab Syndrome: A Review of the Extensive Genitourinary Pathology Experienced by Taxi Cab Drivers and What We Can Do to Help

Disease State Review

Alon Y Mass David S Goldfarb Ojas D Shah

This review consolidates knowledge regarding the extensive genitourinary pathology experienced by taxi cab drivers. Taxi cab, livery, truck, and other drivers all objectively and subjectively may have more voiding dysfunction, infertility, urolithiasis, bladder cancer, and urinary infections as compared with nonprofessional drivers; this is called taxi cab syndrome. Together with governmental and medical assistance, simple interventions—such as education, the addition of taxi relief stations, and possibly the use of sanitary urinary collection devices—to curb the progression of genitourinary disease in taxi drivers should be prospectively studied. It is postulated that many of these interventions may also benefit other groups of occupationally related infrequent voiders. [Rev Urol. 2014;16(3):99-104 doi: 10.3909/riu0627] This article is a US Government work, and, as such, is in the public domain in the United States of America. Published by MedReviews®, LLC

Infertility Urolithiasis Taxi cab syndrome Infrequent voiders syndrome Occupational hazard Voiding dysfunction Prostodynia

Volume 17, Number 3 Case Review

Treatment of Colonic Injury During Percutaneous Nephrolithotomy

Colonic injury during percutaneous nephrolithotomy (PCNL) persists despite the advances in technical equipment and interventional radiology techniques. According to the Clavien-Dindo classification of surgical complications, colonic injury is regarded as a stage IVa complication. Currently, the rate of colonic injury ranges between 0.3% and 0.5%, with an unremarkable difference in incidence between supine and prone PCNL procedures. Colon injury is the most significant complication of PCNL. Colonic injury can result in more complicated open exploration of the abdomen, involving colostomy construction. The necessity of a second operation for the closure of the colostomy causes financial and emotional burden on the patients, patients’ relatives, and surgeons. Currently, the majority of colonic injuries occurring during PCNL are retroperitoneal. The primary treatment option is a conservative approach. It must be kept in mind that the time of diagnosis is as important as the diagnosis itself in colonic injury. Surgeons performing PCNL are advised to be conservative when considering exploratory laparotomy and colostomy construction during treatment of colonic injury. We present the case of a 49-year-old woman who underwent left prone PCNL that resulted in retroperitoneal colonic injury, along with a review of the current literature. [Rev Urol. 2015;17(3):194-201 doi: 10.3909/riu0641] © 2015 MedReviews®, LLC

Percutaneous nephrolithotomy Prevention Urolithiasis Colonic injury Clavien Complication Management

Volume 18, Number 1 Review Articles

Nephrolithometric Scoring Systems to Predict Outcomes of Percutaneous Nephrolithotomy

Management Update

Arthur Smith Zeph Okeke Simone L Vernez Zhamshid Okhunov Piruz Motamedinia Vincent Bird

Currently, there is no single agreement upon an ideal predictive model that characterizes the complexity of renal stones and predicts surgical outcomes following percutaneous nephrolithotomy (PCNL). New predictive tools have recently emerged to systematically and quantitatively assess kidney stone complexity to predict outcomes following PCNL: the Guy’s Stone Score, the CROES nomogram, S.T.O.N.E. nephrolithometry, and S-ReSC score. An ideal scoring system should include variables that both influence surgical planning and are predictive of postoperative outcomes. This review discusses the strengths, weaknesses, and commonalities of each of the above scoring systems. Additionally, we propose future directions for the development and analysis of surgical treatment for stone disease, namely, the importance of assessing radiation exposure and patient quality of life when counseling patients on treatment options. [Rev Urol. 2016;18(1):15-27 doi: 10.3909/riu0693] © 2016 MedReviews®, LLC

Percutaneous nephrolithotomy Urolithiasis Scoring system Nomograms