Review ArticlesInfantile Enuresis: Current State-of-the-Art Therapy and Future TrendsDisease State ReviewFranklin E KuehhasNenad DjakovicMarkus Hohenfellner"Enuresis nocturna is a widespread problem among children, with up to 25% of all children possibly suffering from this condition. Several therapeutic modalities are currently available. This article reviews current state-of-the-art therapies, highlights current literature, and provides an update on recent developments within the field of enuresis nocturna. [Rev Urol. 2011;13(1):1-5 doi: 10.3909/riu0498]"DesmopressinEnuresis nocturnaAlarm therapyImipramineReboxetineGiggle incontinenceMethylphenidatePelvic floor muscle exercise
Review ArticlesPostprostatectomy Erectile Dysfunction: The Role of Penile RehabilitationManagement UpdateBrian P DeFadeCulley C CarsonMichael J Kennelly"Radical prostatectomy has become the gold standard for the treatment of prostate cancer in patients who have a longer than 10-year life expectancy. Surgical treatment has led to severe quality-of-life issues in these patients, especially urinary incontinence and erectile dysfunction (ED). This article reviews the etiology and pathophysiology of postprostatectomy ED, and current management strategies for these patients. [Rev Urol. 2011;13(1):6-13 doi: 10.3909/riu0501]"Erectile dysfunctionPenile rehabilitationProstatectomy
Review Articlesα-Fetoprotein-Producing Non-Germ Cell Tumors of the Urological SystemDiagnostic ReviewMona El-Bahrawy"Elevated serum levels of _ -fetoprotein (AFP), a fetal serum protein, occur mainly in the development of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) or germ cell tumors, mainly yolk sac tumor. Rarely, other tumors of the urological system produce AFP. This article reviews the AFP-producing non-germ cell tumors of the urological tract reported to date. These include different types of tumors of the adrenal glands, kidney, ureter, urinary bladder, and testis. It is important for pathologists, urologists, and oncologists to be aware of such cases as the diagnosis affects the management plan for the patient. [Rev Urol. 2011;13(1):14-19 doi: 10.3909/riu0506]"FetoproteinGerm cellTumorsUrological system
Review ArticlesMedical Treatment of Benign Prostatic HyperplasiaDisease State ReviewHerbert Lepor"Medical therapy for the treatment of benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) became an accepted standard of care in the 1990s following the reports of randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled studies showing that finasteride, a 5-_ reductase inhibitor, and terazosin, an _-blocker, significantly improved lower urinary tract symptoms and increased peak urinary flow rates in men with BPH. This article reviews novel approaches to the pharmacological treatment of BPH. [Rev Urol. 2011;13(1):20-33 doi: 10.3909/riu0519]"Benign prostatic hyperplasiaLower urinary tract symptomsMonotherapy
Review ArticlesDemystifying the Medical Management of NephrolithiasisManagement UpdateGlenn M PremingerMichael Lipkin"Nephrolithiasis is a common problem associated with significant costs to the health care system. Its prevalence continues to increase, particularly in women, which is attributed to changes in diet and lifestyle. The costs associated with the evaluation and management of nephrolithiasis in the United States has been estimated to be $1.83 billion, and, without any intervention, the risk of recurrence is high. This article reviews the management options for nephrolithiasis including a new formulation of potassium citrate, UrocitÆ-K 15 mEq, that allows for dosing flexibility which can lead to improved compliance and tolerability. [Rev Urol. 2011;13(1):34-38 doi: 10.3909/riu0522]"NephrolithiasisStandard metabolic evaluationHypercalcuria
Meeting ReviewsUpdate on Urologic Pelvic Pain SyndromesMeeting ReviewDean A TrippAllan GordonMichel PontariKenneth M PetersRagi DoggweilerAndrew P BaranowskiDaniel ShoskesJ Curtis Nickel"Highlights From the 2010 International Chronic Pelvic Pain Symposium and Workshop, August 29, 2010, Kingston, Ontario, Canada [Rev Urol. 2011;13(1):39-49 doi: 10.3909/riu0516]"Urologic chronic pelvic pain syndromesChronic prostatitis/chronic pelvic pain syndrome
Meeting ReviewsNew Insights in Pediatric UrologyMeeting ReviewEllen Shapiro"Highlights From the American Academy of Pediatrics Section on Urology Meeting, October 2-4, 2010, San Francisco, CA [Rev Urol. 2011;13(1):50-52 doi: 10.3909/riu0517]"Posture and minimally invasive surgeryAlexander techniqueNocturnal enuresisObstructive sleep apneaAdult spina bifidaReflux
Case ReviewAppendiceal Abscess Revealed by Right Renal Colic and HydronephrosisCase ReviewMoulay Hassan FarihMohamed Jamal El FassiYounes AhallalAbdelhak KhalloukMustapha AhsainiReported is the case of a patient who had an appendiceal abscess revealed by right renal colic with fever and general fatigue. The abdominal computed tomography scan showed hydronephrosis and an appendiceal abscess surrounding and compressing the ureter. The appendix contained a stercolith and was perforated. [Rev Urol. 2011;13(1):53-55 doi: 10.3909/riu0479]HydronephrosisRenal colicAppendicitisAbscess
Case ReviewSquamous Cell Carcinoma of the ProstateCase ReviewAndrew B RosenkrantzNicholas SanfilippoMatthew E HardeeGeorge DakwarRena D MalikSamir S Taneja"Squamous cell carcinoma of the prostate is a rare tumor, making up 0.5% to 1% of all prostate carcinomas. It is typically described as an aggressive cancer, with a median postdiagnosis survival of 14 months. Presented here is a case of primary squamous cell carcinoma of the prostate, with a complicated presentation of metastatic disease. Due to the extent of the patientís disease, he was treated with palliative radiation therapy using a four-field technique (AP/PA and left and right lateral fields) with 18 mV photons prescribed to the 100% isodose line. The prescription dose was 4000 cGy in 16 fractions of 250 cGy per fraction. No definitive treatment of squamous cell carcinoma of the prostate exists but varying approaches including surgical intervention, chemotherapy, and radiation therapy have been implemented without durable response. However, multimodal treatments appear to be the most promising with longer durations of survival. [Rev Urol. 2011;13(1):56-60 doi: 10.3909/riu0494]"Squamous cell carcinomaProstate adenocarcinomaLower urinary tractsymptomsMultimodal treatments
Literature ReviewsMinimally Invasive Ablative Therapies for the Treatment of Prostate CancerProstate CancerHerbert Lepor[Rev Urol. 2011;13(1):61-62 doi: 10.3909/riu0520]
Literature ReviewsImaging Utilization for the Staging of Clinically Localized Prostate CancerProstate CancerStacy LoebAlan W Partin[Rev Urol. 2011;13(1):63-64 doi: 10.3909/riu0518]HydronephrosisRenal colicAppendicitisAbscess