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Risk factors

All articles from this key word are listed below.

Volume 3, Number 4 Review Articles

The Epidemiology of Acute Urinary Retention in Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia

Treatment Update

Claus G Roehrborn

Benign prostatic hyperplasia Risk factors Acute urinary retention Epidemiology

Volume 4, Supplement 5 Supplement

Risk Factors for Prostate Cancer

Prostatic neoplasms Risk factors Epidemiology

Volume 6, Supplement 3 Supplement

The Definition, Prevalence, and Risk Factors for Stress Urinary Incontinence

Obesity Stress urinary incontinence Risk factors Pregnancy Urge urinary incontinence Pelvic floor dysfunction

Volume 11, Number 3 Review Articles

Male Urinary Incontinence: Prevalence, Risk Factors, and Preventive Interventions

Systematic Review

Tatyana A Shamliyan Jean F Wyman Ryan Ping Timothy J Wilt Robert L Kane

Urinary incontinence (UI) in community-dwelling men affects quality of lifeand increases the risk of institutionalization. Observational studies and randomized,controlled trials published in English from 1990 to November 2007on the epidemiology and prevention of UI were identified in several databasesto abstract rates and adjusted odds ratios (OR) of incontinence, calculateabsolute risk difference (ARD) after clinical interventions, and synthesizeevidence with random-effects models. Of 1083 articles identified, 126 wereeligible for analysis. Pooled prevalence of UI increased with age to 21% to32% in elderly men. Poor general health, comorbidities, severe physicallimitations, cognitive impairment, stroke (pooled OR 1.54; 95% confidenceinterval [CI], 1.14-2.1), urinary tract infections (pooled OR 3.49; 95%CI, 2.33-5.23), prostate diseases, and diabetes (pooled OR 1.36; 95% CI,1.14-1.61) were associated with UI. Treatment with tolterodine alone (ARD0.17; 95% CI, 0.02-0.32) or combined with tamsulosin (ARD 0.17; 95% CI,0.08-0.25) resulted in greater self-reported benefit compared with placebo.Radical prostatectomy or radiotherapy for prostate cancer compared withwatchful waiting increased UI. Short-term prevention of UI with pelvic floormuscle rehabilitation after prostatectomy was not consistently seen acrossrandomized, controlled trials. The prevalence of incontinence increased with ageand functional dependency. Stroke, diabetes, poor general health, radiation, andsurgery for prostate cancer were associated with UI in community-dwellingmen. Men reported overall benefit from drug treatments. Limited evidence ofpreventive effects of pelvic floor rehabilitation requires future investigation.[Rev Urol. 2009;11(3):145-165 doi:10.3909/riu0416]© 2009 MedReviews, LLC

Risk factors Urinary incontinence Rehabilitation Drug therapy

Volume 19, Number 2 Review Articles

The Association Between Hypertension and Prostate Cancer

Disease State Review

Navin Shah Vladimir Ioffe

A 2016 meta-analysis documented a possible association between hypertension and prostate cancer. We retrospectively reviewed our 3200 prostate cancer patients that were aged 51 to 76 years to determine the frequency of hypertension. Data was gathered on age, race (African American and white), hypertension, diabetes, and body mass index (BMI). Patients were subdivided into three groups: age 51 to 60 years, age 61 to 70 years, and age 71 to 76 years. Our study population consisted of 1388 (43%) African American patients and 1812 (57%) white patients. Hypertension was found in 1013 (73%) of African American patients and 1290 (72%) of white patients. Diabetes was found in 35% of African American patients and 24% of white patients. BMI over 30 kg/m2 (obesity) was found in 47% of African American patients and 45% of white patients. We found the frequency of hypertension to be 73% in African American and 72% in white patients, 18% and 44% relatively higher in African American vs white patients, respectively, compared with the general population (62% in African American vs 50% in white patients). The study also found a similar frequency of hypertension among African American and white prostate cancer patients, despite an approximate 12% difference in the general population. Based on these findings, we suggest that prostate cancer and hypertension share a common androgen-mediated mechanism and further prospective studies are recommended to confirm that hypertension is a risk factor for prostate cancer. [Rev Urol. 2017;19(2):113–118 doi: 10.3909/riu0758] © 2017 MedReviews®, LLC

Prostate cancer Hypertension Androgen Risk factors