Editorial Board About Us

Prostate cancer

All articles from this key word are listed below.

Volume 9, Number 4 Meeting Reviews

New Findings in Bladder and Prostate Cancer

Meeting Review

Maximilian Rom Franklin E Kuehhas Bob Djavan

Highlights of the 22nd Annual Congress of the European Association of Urology, March 21-24, 2007, Berlin, Germany [Rev Urol. 2007;9(4):214-219]

Prostate cancer Bladder cancer Transitional cell carcinoma Prostate biopsy Human kallikrein Urothelial tumors Laparoscopic radical prostatectomy

Volume 9, Number 3 Meeting Reviews

Best of the 2007 AUA Annual Meeting

Meeting Review

Dean G Assimos Michael K Brawer Claus G Roehrborn Jacob Rajfer J Curtis Nickel Michael B Chancellor Alan W Partin Ellen Shapiro Danil V Makarov

Highlights from the 2007 Annual Meeting of the American Urological Association May 19-24, 2007 Anaheim, CA [Rev Urol. 2007;9(3):133-154]

Prostate cancer Obesity Benign prostatic hyperplasia Antibiotic prophylaxis Nocturia Lower urinary tract symptoms Botulinum toxin Prostate-specific antigen Biomarkers PCA3 Testosterone Urinary tract infections Urolithiasis Laser ablation Endourology Male voiding dysfunction LHRH antagonists Antimuscarinic agents Circumcision Repeat biopsy Human glandularkallikrein Expectant management CRISP-3 MSP Microvesseldensity Endoglin Survivin Telomeres Interleukin-8 PDE-5 inhibitors Acute urinaryretention 5Alpha-reductase inhibitors Doxazosin Finasteride Transurethral microwave thermotherapy TURP Perioperative blood loss Microbialbiofilms HIV Stem cell injection

Volume 9, Number 3 Point-Counterpoint

Is Repeat Biopsy for Isolated High-Grade Prostatic Intraepithelial Neoplasia Necessary?

Point-Counterpoint

Arnold I Chin Dhiren S Dave Jacob Rajfer

Numerous studies have cited the positive predictive value of isolated highgrade prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia (HGPIN) to the detection of cancer. Epidemiological, morphological, and molecular data support the potential for malignant transformation of HGPIN, yet no current method can discriminate which lesions will progress to clinically significant prostate cancer versus more latent lesions. Recent analyses of multiple retrospective studies have found similar rates of cancer detection following either diagnosis of isolated HGPIN or an initial negative biopsy. This may reflect increased use of extended biopsy techniques involving 10 or more cores rather than the true ability of HGPIN to undergo malignant transformation. This article discusses controversies surrounding management of an isolated diagnosis of HGPIN and whether repeat biopsy of HGPIN should be mandatory or selective in the context of other predictive values such as rising prostate-specific antigen or lesion on digital rectal examination. [Rev Urol. 2007;9(3):124-131]

Prostate cancer Prostate biopsy Repeat biopsy Prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia (PIN)High-grade PIN

Volume 9, Number 3 Review Articles

Twenty Years of PSA: From Prostate Antigen to Tumor Marker

Diagnostic Update

L Blair Shamel Axel Semjonow Harry G Rittenhouse Stephen D Mikolajczyk Gabriela De Angelis

The measurement of prostate-specific antigen in serum is credited with dramatic advances in the early detection of men with prostatic carcinoma. This report summarizes the history of biochemical research and the current understanding and application of prostate-specific antigen in prostate cancer diagnostics. [Rev Urol. 2007;9(3):113-123]

Prostate cancer Prostate-specific antigen Human kallikrein

Volume 9, Number 3 Review Articles

Prostate Biopsy: Current Status and Limitations

Diagnostic Update

Joseph C Presti

The technique of prostate biopsy has evolved over the past 10 years to improve our ability to detect prostate cancer. Extended biopsy schemes can be performed in the office under local anesthesia and are well tolerated. In addition to detection, the role of extended biopsy schemes in refining tumor grading and risk assessment has become better defined. This review discusses the evolution of prostate biopsy techniques from the sextant scheme to the extended scheme and demonstrates the latter's utility in clinical decision making. [Rev Urol. 2007;9(3):93-98]

Prostate cancer Prostate biopsy

Volume 9, Supplement 2 Review Articles

Breast Cancer Clinical and Translational Research: Analogies and Implications for Prostate Cancer

Androgen-Independent Prostate Cancer

Silvia C Formenti Lea Baer

Breast and prostate cancer, respectively, are the most common cancers in women and in men in the United States. The management of locally advanced prostate cancer involves a multidisciplinary approach, bearing similarity to the therapeutic approach to breast cancer. Better understanding of the molecular biology of these cancers and the identification of the role played by the cancer stem cells and the tumor microenvironment may translate into better clinical decision making regarding risk classification and treatment allocation. A systematic assessment is presented of the many parallel evolutions in defining and treating high-risk breast cancer as they pertain to prostate cancer. [Rev Urol. 2007;9(suppl 2):S28-S39]

Prostate cancer Treatment Breast cancer

Volume 9, Supplement 2 Review Articles

High-Risk, Clinically Localized Prostate Cancer: Is Monotherapy Adequate?

Androgen-Independent Prostate Cancer

James M McKiernan Mark H Katz

High-risk, clinically localized prostate cancer represents a diverse disease entity. Patients who are considered to be at highest risk for biochemical failure after localized treatments may not be at significant risk for diseasespecific mortality. In this review, an attempt will be made to define high-risk status and help identify patients at high risk for mortality after a diagnosis of localized prostate cancer. Subsequently, a review of monotherapy approaches as well as previously successful strategies utilizing multimodality therapy for high-risk disease will be presented. Finally, a synopsis will be given of several ongoing randomized clinical trials using the most effective systemic therapies in the adjuvant setting following thorough local treatments such as radical prostatectomy. This review will provide a glimpse into the future and describe the tools that it is hoped will improve further upon the results of surgical monotherapy for high-risk, localized prostate cancer. [Rev Urol. 2007;9(suppl 2):S19-S27]

Prostate cancer Radical prostatectomy High-risk, localized prostate cancer Mortality risk Multimodality therapy

Volume 9, Supplement 2 Review Articles

New Paradigms for Advanced Prostate Cancer

Androgen-Independent Prostate Cancer

Daniel P Petrylak

In men with metastatic hormone-refractory prostate cancer, androgen blockade produces dramatic and rapid declines in prostate-specific antigen (PSA), bone pain, and urinary tract obstruction. Nevertheless, there have been limited options with at best palliative results for patients who progress despite a castrate testosterone level. This paradigm changed in 2004 with the publication of 2 randomized clinical trials that demonstrated a 20% to 24% survival benefit for docetaxel-based therapy when compared to mitoxantrone and prednisone, data that supported US Food and Drug Administration approval of docetaxel-based therapy for the treatment of metastatic hormone-refractory prostate cancer. This article reviews the preliminary data and the timing and sequencing implications of ongoing clinical trials. Studies are evaluating the combination of docetaxel with agents that target bone, tumor vasculature, and the vitamin D receptor as well as second-line agents, such as satraplatin. The role of immune therapy is also evolving, and further studies will define the optimal timing of chemotherapy with immune therapy. [Rev Urol. 2007;9(suppl 2):S3-S12]

Prostate cancer Docetaxel Hormone-refractory prostate cancer Androgen-independent prostate cancer

Volume 9, Supplement 1 Review Articles

Immunotherapy for Advanced Prostate Cancer

New Directions in the Management of Advanced Prostate Cancer

Johannes Vieweg

The absence of curative therapies for advanced or recurrent forms of prostate cancer mandates continued development of novel, more effective treatment regimens. Due to recent advances in basic and translational research, therapeutic vaccines and monoclonal antibody-based therapies are steadily gaining ground as promising treatment modalities against prostate cancer. Several immunotherapeutic products have recently been investigated in later-phase trials and have reported evidence for clinical benefit while maintaining an excellent quality of life for participants. The cumulative clinical results available to date indicate that immune-based therapies will likely play a role in the treatment of patients with prostate and other malignancies. The objective of this article is to increase awareness of contemporary immunologic therapies and clinical trials of new biologic reagents against prostate cancer. We also seek to encourage urologists to actively participate in clinical trials and evaluate the potential of immunotherapeutic drugs for impacting standards of care. [Rev Urol. 2007;9(suppl 1):S29-S38]

Prostate cancer Immunotherapy Tumor vaccines Monoclonal antibodies

Volume 9, Supplement 1 Review Articles

Clinical Experience With Gene Therapy for the Treatment of Prostate Cancer

New Directions in the Management of Advanced Prostate Cancer

Simon J Hall Matthew A Stanizzi

Localized prostate cancer can be treated effectively with radical prostatectomy or radiation therapy. The treatment options for metastatic prostate cancer are limited to hormonal therapy; hormone-refractory cancer is treated with taxane-based chemotherapy, which provides only a modest survival benefit. New treatments are needed. The gene for the initiation of prostate cancer has not been identified; however, gene therapy can involve tumor injection of a gene to kill cells, systemic gene delivery to target and kill metastases, or local gene expression intended to generate a systemic response. This review will provide an overview of the various strategies of cancer gene therapy, focusing on those that have gone to clinical trial, detailing clinical experience in prostate cancer patients. [Rev Urol. 2007;9(suppl 1):S20-S28]

Prostate cancer Prostate-specific antigen Gene therapy