Volume 23, Number 3Bladder CancerImmune Checkpoint Inhibitors for the Treatment of Non–Muscle-Invasive Bladder Cancer: An Overview of Ongoing Clinical TrialsNeal D ShoreTreatment of non–muscle-invasive bladder cancer (NMIBC) is evolving, seeking new treatments to overcome the limitations of bacille Calmette-Guérin therapy and alternatives to radical cystectomy. Studies are currently evaluating the safety and efficacy of immune checkpoint inhibitors in combination with bacille Calmette-Guérin vs bacille Calmette-Guérin monotherapy for patients with high-risk NMIBC that is bacille Calmette-Guérin naive or recurrent after bacille Calmette-Guérin induction. We briefly summarize 4 studies that are evaluating intravenous immune checkpoint inhibitors (atezolizumab, durvalumab, and pembrolizumab) and 1 subcutaneous immune checkpoint inhibitor (sasanlimab). These studies may substantially change standard-of-care treatment for patients with high-risk NMIBC.immune checkpoint inhibitorsMonoclonal antibodiesClinical trialsnon-muscle invasive bladder neoplasms
Volume 9, Supplement 1Review ArticlesImmunotherapy for Advanced Prostate CancerNew Directions in the Management of Advanced Prostate CancerJohannes ViewegThe absence of curative therapies for advanced or recurrent forms of prostate cancer mandates continued development of novel, more effective treatment regimens. Due to recent advances in basic and translational research, therapeutic vaccines and monoclonal antibody-based therapies are steadily gaining ground as promising treatment modalities against prostate cancer. Several immunotherapeutic products have recently been investigated in later-phase trials and have reported evidence for clinical benefit while maintaining an excellent quality of life for participants. The cumulative clinical results available to date indicate that immune-based therapies will likely play a role in the treatment of patients with prostate and other malignancies. The objective of this article is to increase awareness of contemporary immunologic therapies and clinical trials of new biologic reagents against prostate cancer. We also seek to encourage urologists to actively participate in clinical trials and evaluate the potential of immunotherapeutic drugs for impacting standards of care. [Rev Urol. 2007;9(suppl 1):S29-S38]Prostate cancerImmunotherapyTumor vaccinesMonoclonal antibodies