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Prostate cancer

All articles from this key word are listed below.

Volume 7, Supplement 3 Review Articles

Prostatic Intraepithelial Neoplasia: An Overview

Michael K Brawer

Prostate cancer Androgen deprivation therapy Biopsy Chemoprevention Repeat biopsy Prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia (PIN)High-grade PIN Epidemiology

Volume 7, Supplement 2 Review Articles

A Review of Surgical Techniques for Radical Prostatectomy

Prostate cancer Robotic surgery Laparoscopy Nerve-sparing technique Radicalprostatectomy

Volume 7, Number 1 Meeting Reviews

Prostate Cancer Update: 2004

Stephen J Freedland Alan W Partin

Prostate cancer Chemotherapy High-intensity focused ultrasound Docetaxel Finasteride Dutasteride

Volume 7, Number 1 Meeting Reviews

What's New in Prostate Cancer, Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia, and Minimally Invasive Surgery?

Bob Djavan Yan Kit Fong Mesut Remzi Theodore Anagnostou Michael Dobrovits Amir Kaisary

Prostate cancer Benign prostatic hyperplasia Medical treatment Surgical treatment Minimally invasive surgery Percutaneous surgery

Volume 8, Number 4 Review Articles

Prostate Biopsy: Targeting Cancer for Detection and Therapy

Technology Update

Despite improvements in cancer detection, prostate biopsy still lacks the ability to accurately map locations of cancer within the prostate. Improvements in prostate imaging may allow more accurate mapping of overall disease volume. Magnetic resonance (MR) spectroscopy allows improved specificity in detecting even small foci of disease within the peripheral zone. Improvements in MR-guided biopsy techniques may allow this technology to be adapted to therapeutics as well. Computer modeling of individual prostates serves as a means of designing optimized plans for prostate biopsy. The use of novel targeted biopsy schemes may allow an integration of available technologies in detection and localization of prostate cancer. Computer-directed needle biopsies based on anatomic landmarks within the prostate and computerized three-dimensional reconstruction of the gland may allow a highly reproducible means of identifying small foci of cancer, targeting them for therapy, and monitoring for recurrence. The TargetScan® system (Envisioneering Medical Technologies, St. Louis, MO) is the first technology to integrate available targeting methodologies in a systematic fashion. [Rev Urol. 2006;8(4):173-182]

Prostate cancer Biopsy Transrectal ultrasound 3D mapping

Volume 8, Number 3 Meeting Reviews

Best of the 2006 AUA Annual Meeting

Meeting Review

Li-Ming Su Arie S Belldegrun John P Stein John P Mulhall Tobias Klatte Michael E Aldridge Shachi Tyagi Danil V Makarov Michael K Brawer Claus G Roehrborn Jacob Rajfer J Curtis Nickel Victor W Nitti Michael B Chancellor Alan W Partin Ellen Shapiro

Highlights from the 2006 Annual Meeting of the American Urological Association May 20–25, 2006 Atlanta, GA

Prostate cancer Infertility Benign prostatic hyperplasia Bladder cancer Kidney cancer Lower urinary tract symptoms Bladder exstrophy Overactive bladder Interstitial cystitis Stress urinary incontinence Peyronie’s disease Spina bifida Neurogenic bladder Erectile dysfunction Chronic pelvic pain syndrome Chronic prostatitis Tumor markers Androgen replacement therapy Ejaculatory dysfunction Anorectal malformations Renal stones Robotic-assisted radical prostatectomy

Volume 8, Number 3 Review Articles

The Importance of Pelvic Lymph Node Dissection in Men With Clinically Localized Prostate Cancer

Diagnostic Review

Mohamad E Allaf H Ballentine Carter Alan W Partin

Despite advances in noninvasive staging, pelvic lymph node dissection (PLND) remains the most accurate means of detecting lymph node metastases in men with clinically localized prostate cancer. Nomograms exist that can identify patients at low risk for lymphatic metastases according to preoperative information. In general, it seems reasonable to omit PLND in men with a biopsy Gleason sum of 6 or less and a prostate-specific antigen level of 10 ng/mL or less. Ultimately, however, this decision should be made according to physician and patient preference, considering the low contemporary morbidity associated with PLND. When PLND is performed, studies suggest that an extended dissection maximizes the detection rate of nodal involvement. Retrospective data indicate that an extended dissection might play a therapeutic role in a subset of patients with a limited lymph node burden. However, this might be an artifact of stage migration, and prospective studies are needed to evaluate this further. [Rev Urol. 2006;8(3):112-119]

Prostate cancer Nomograms Radioimmunoscintigraphy Lymphadenectomy Clinical staging Magnetic resonanceimaging Algorithms

Volume 8, Supplement 2 Review Articles

Treatment- and Disease-Related Complications of Prostate Cancer

16th International Prostate Cancer Update

Anne R Simoneau

One of the highlights of the 16th International Prostate Cancer Update was a session on treatment- and disease-related complications of prostate disease. It began with presentation of a challenging case of rising prostate-specific antigen levels after radical prostatectomy, followed by an overview of the use of zoledronic acid in prostate cancer, a review of side effects of complementary medicines, an overview of complications of cryotherapy, an assessment of complications of brachytherapy and external beam radiation therapy, and a comparison of laparoscopy versus open prostatectomy. [Rev Urol. 2006;8(suppl 2):S56-S67]

Prostate cancer Bisphosphonates Cryotherapy Complementary medicine

Volume 8, Supplement 2 Review Articles

The Treatment of Hormone-Refractory Prostate Cancer: Docetaxel and Beyond

16th International Prostate Cancer Update

Daniel P Petrylak

Two randomized clinical trials demonstrated a survival benefit of 20% to 24% with docetaxel-based therapy when compared with survival with mitoxantrone and prednisone after failure of androgen ablation therapy. These studies supported the approval of docetaxel-based therapy for the treatment of metastatic hormone-refractory prostate cancer by the US Food and Drug Administration in May 2005. Clinical trials in hormone-refractory prostate cancer are now focused on building on the survival improvement seen with docetaxel-based therapy. This article presents a summary of some of the more promising treatments and regimens for advanced prostate cancer. [Rev Urol. 2006;8(suppl 2):S48-S55]

Prostate cancer Prostate-specific antigen Androgen ablation Docetaxel Estramustine Endothelin receptor antagonist

Volume 8, Supplement 2 Review Articles

Hormonal Therapy for Prostate Cancer

16th International Prostate Cancer Update

Michael K Brawer

Updates on hormonal therapy in the treatment of prostate cancer are presented. The most common therapy is to reduce testosterone to castrate levels. A dosage of 1 mg diethylstilbestrol daily prolonged survival in patients with advanced prostate cancer. The leuteinizing hormone–releasing hormone agonists have essentially replaced surgical orchiectomy in the vast majority of clinical settings; however, a major problem with the leuteinizing hormone– releasing hormone agonists has been the surge and flare of testosterone levels. If hormonal therapy is initiated early, the risk of major complications is significantly decreased. Combined androgen blockade is better than monotherapy, although there is only a small clinical benefit. When androgen deprivation is used for a short time and the normal androgen milieu is re-established, the side effects and toxicity of androgen deprivation are decreased. The major complications of androgen deprivation include hot flushes, reduction of bone mineral density, osteoporosis, and anemia. Intermittent androgen blockade might have the same benefits of total androgen suppression with fewer side effects, increased duration of androgen dependence, and less cost. The 10 steps to take when advising patients about initiation of androgen deprivation therapy are reviewed. [Rev Urol. 2006;8(suppl 2):S35-S47]

Prostate cancer Hormonal therapy Androgen ablation Diethylstilbestrol