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Directory of Authors from the Journal and their last article.

Yu Jun LiView Articles

Volume 23, Number 3Kidney Cancer

Response to Targeted Therapy and Checkpoint Inhibition in a Patient With Mucinous Tubular and Spindle Cell Carcinoma: A Case Report and Literature Review

Ruchi AgarwalDaniela V. CastroYu Jun LiJaya GoudSalvador Jaime-Casas

Mucinous tubular and spindle cell carcinoma (MTSCC) is a form of renal cell carcinoma characterized by its tubular structure, mucinous stroma, and spindle-shaped cells. It makes up less than 1% of all renal cell carcinoma cases and has been classically described as indolent, although the disease course varies. Here we analyze the case of a 67-year-old woman with metastatic MTSCC with a sarcomatoid component. The course of treatment was extensive and included targeted therapy and immunotherapy. Thus, this case review offers insight into the heterogeneous clinical course of MTSCC and potential therapeutic options for these patients.

Immunotherapyimmune checkpoint inhibitorsCarcinoma, renal cellCarcinomaneoplasms, squamous, mucinous, and serouscarcinoma, tubular

Yu-Hsiang LinView Articles

Volume 13, Number 2Case Review

Malignant Priapism Secondary to Metastatic Prostate Cancer: A Case Report and Review of Literature

Yu-Hsiang LinJerry J KimNed B SteinMohit Khera

Penile metastasis of cancers from other primary sites is a rare phenomenon that infrequently manifests as malignant priapism. We outline a case of an 84-year-old patient who presented with a 3-month history of painful priapism after radiation therapy for prostate adenocarcinoma. The patient underwent surgical penile exploration and cavernosal biopsy that revealed poorly differentiated cells suggestive of prostate cancer. Postoperative imaging demonstrated extensive regional and distal metastases. A review of the literature on penile metastases returned approximately 400 published cases, with priapism being the initial presentation in 20% to 50% of cases. Regardless of site of origin or subsequent management, most cases have shown very poor prognosis. [Rev Urol. 2011;13(2):90-94 doi: 10.3909/riu0508] © 2011 MedReviews®, LLC

Prostate cancerMalignant priapismPenile metastasis

Yun Rose LiView Articles

Volume 23, Number 4Case Review

Exceptional Response to Radiation Therapy to the Primary Tumor in a Patient With de Novo Metastatic Prostate Cancer With High Tumor Mutation Burden

Benjamin MercierAndrew TamDaniela V. CastroSalvador Jaime-CasasAbhishek TripathiYun Rose LiRegina Barragan-Carrillo

We present the case of a patient diagnosed with de novo, low-volume metastatic prostate cancer who received first-line treatment with androgen-deprivation therapy in combination with darolutamide. The patient presented with symptoms derived from local growth from the primary tumor and received pelvic radiation therapy to the primary tumor and pelvic nodes. He experienced complete tumor regression, with high serum prostate-specific antigen declining to nondetectable levels. Next-generation genomic analysis indicated high tumor mutation burden and high microsatellite status instability. Here, we contextualize this patient’s case regarding the importance of precision genomics in radiation oncology and its potential importance for optimizing treatment.

Prostatic neoplasmsRadiation therapyNeoplasm metastasisAndrogen antagonistsprostate neoplasmcastration resistant

Zahoor FaziliView Articles

Volume 16, Number 2Review Articles

Solitary Renal Fossa Recurrence of Renal Cell Carcinoma After Nephrectomy

Treatment Review

Ji-Jian ChowZahoor FaziliMohammed SheikhMartin SheriffKamran Ahmed

Renal cell carcinoma without metastasis responds well to surgical excision but is known to recur postnephrectomy. In a small but significant number of patients this recurrence is not accompanied by metastasis, which is important as these people benefit from further surgery. We examined 20 articles from the current literature to ascertain how best to treat this condition. Surgical management renders better results than conservative or medical therapies. Readily available investigations such as blood tests and computed tomography can help determine the right patients for surgery in an evidence-based fashion. Current findings have allowed us to suggest a protocol for the treatment of solitary renal fossa recurrence of postnephrectomy renal cell carcinoma. There are further opportunities for study in validating our protocol, and in novel renal cell carcinoma treatment strategies that have not been tested on solitary renal fossa recurrences. [Rev Urol. 2014;16(2):76-82 doi: 10.3909/riu0598] © 2014 MedReviews®, LLC

ComplicationsManagementRenal cancerRecurrenceNephrectomy

Zakaria DahamiView Articles

Volume 13, Number 3Case Review

An Unusual Presentation of Primary Male Genital Tuberculosis

Imane KamaouiMohamed AmineBrahim EddafaliA Ibn SellamZakaria DahamiSaid Mohamed MoudouniIsmail Sarf

Urogenital tuberculosis is a rare disease; however, it is the second most common location for tuberculosis after the lung. Currently, incidence of urogenital tuberculosis is increasing due to factors such as a higher prevalence of immunosuppression (especially that caused by human immunodeficiency virus infection) and drug abuse. Herein a new case of male genital primary tuberculosis is reported presenting as a scrotal tumor; the originality of this observation lies in its unusual pseudotumor form. [Rev Urol. 2011;13(3):176-178 doi: 10.3909/riu0525] © 2011 MedReviews®, LLC

Urogenital tuberculosisEpididymal tuberculosisMale genital tuberculosis

Zeph OkekeView Articles

Volume 16, Number 1Review Articles

Calyceal Diverticula: A Comprehensive Review

Disease State Review

Arthur D SmithNikhil WaingankarSamih HayekZeph Okeke

Calyceal diverticula are rare outpouchings of the upper collecting system that likely have a congenital origin. Stones can be found in up to 50% of calyceal diverticula, although, over the combined reported series, 96% of patients presented with stones. Diagnosis is best made by intravenous urography or computed tomography urogram. Shock wave lithotripsy (SWL) is an option for first-line therapy in patients with stone-bearing diverticula that have radiologically patent necks in mid- to upper-pole diverticula and small stone burdens. Stone-free rates are the lowest with SWL, although patients report being asymptomatic following therapy in up to 75% of cases with extended follow-up. Ureteroscopy (URS) is best suited for management of anteriorly located mid- to upper-pole diverticular stones. Drawbacks to URS include difficulty in identifying the ostium and low rate of obliteration. Percutaneous management is best used in posteriorly located mid- to lower-pole stones, and offers the ability to directly ablate the diverticulum. Percutaneous nephrolithotomy remains effective in the management of upper-pole diverticula, but carries the risk of pulmonary complications unless subcostal access strategies such as triangulation or renal displacement are used. Laparoscopic surgery provides definitive management, but should be reserved for cases with large stones in anteriorly located diverticula with thin overlying parenchyma, and cases that are refractory to other treatment. This article reviews the current theories on the pathogenesis of calyceal diverticula. The current classification is examined in addition to the current diagnostic methods. Here we summarize an extensive review of the literature on the outcomes of the different treatment approaches. [ Rev Urol. 2014;16(1):29-43 doi: 10.3909/riu0581] © 2014 MedReviews®, LLC

UreterorenoscopyCalyceal diverticulaPercutaneous nephrostolithotomyLaparoscopic surgeryShock wave lithotripsy

Zeyad R SchwenView Articles
Zhamshid OkhunovView Articles

Volume 18, Number 1Review Articles

Nephrolithometric Scoring Systems to Predict Outcomes of Percutaneous Nephrolithotomy

Management Update

Simone L VernezArthur SmithZeph OkekeVincent BirdPiruz MotamediniaZhamshid Okhunov

Currently, there is no single agreement upon an ideal predictive model that characterizes the complexity of renal stones and predicts surgical outcomes following percutaneous nephrolithotomy (PCNL). New predictive tools have recently emerged to systematically and quantitatively assess kidney stone complexity to predict outcomes following PCNL: the Guy’s Stone Score, the CROES nomogram, S.T.O.N.E. nephrolithometry, and S-ReSC score. An ideal scoring system should include variables that both influence surgical planning and are predictive of postoperative outcomes. This review discusses the strengths, weaknesses, and commonalities of each of the above scoring systems. Additionally, we propose future directions for the development and analysis of surgical treatment for stone disease, namely, the importance of assessing radiation exposure and patient quality of life when counseling patients on treatment options. [Rev Urol. 2016;18(1):15-27 doi: 10.3909/riu0693] © 2016 MedReviews®, LLC

Percutaneous nephrolithotomyUrolithiasisScoring systemNomograms

Zhanyong BingView Articles

Volume 12, Number 4Case Review

Neuroendocrine Tumor of the Bladder

Shailen S SehgalZhanyong BingThomas J GuzzoAlan J Wein

Small cell carcinoma (SCC) of the bladder is a rare and aggressive tumor associated with a poor prognosis. It often presents at a later stage than urothelial carcinoma of the bladder, and comprises less than 1% of bladder malignancies. A number of treatment algorithms have been used to treat bladder SCC, including cystectomy, partial cystectomy, radiotherapy, chemoradiotherapy, chemotherapy alone, and neoadjuvant/adjuvant chemotherapy. Presented is a case of SCC of the bladder, and the epidemiology, prognosis, and current treatment algorithms for patients with bladder SCC are reviewed.[Rev Urol. 2010;12(4):e197-e201 doi: 10.3909/riu0492]©2010 MedReviews®, LLC

Bladder cancerNeuroendocrine tumorsSmall cell carcinoma