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Directory of Authors from the Journal and their last article.

Jonathan SilbersteinView Articles

Volume 10, Number 3Case Review

Shock Wave Lithotripsy and Renal Hemorrhage

Case Review

Charles M LakinJonathan SilbersteinJ Kellogg Parsons

Although shock wave lithotripsy is a safe and efficacious treatment for nephrolithiasis, the most common acute complication is renal hemorrhage. Shock wave–induced renal hemorrhage is a potentially devastating injury if not promptly recognized and treated appropriately. The authors report a large perirenal hematoma occurring after shock wave lithotripsy and review the causes, prevention, and treatment of shock wave–induced renal hemorrhage. [Rev Urol. 2008;10(3):236-241]

NephrolithiasisShock wave lithotripsyHematoma

Jonathan WalkerView Articles

Volume 17, Number 1Case Review

Adenocarcinoma of the Urethra With Mucinous Features

Jonathan WalkerAndrew WrightAnthony DyerLucas ReddArthi Satyanarayan

Primary adenocarcinoma of the female urethra is a rare malignancy. Previous studies hypothesize multiple origins, including periurethral glands or intestinal metaplasia. We report a case of a 60-year-old white woman with adenocarcinoma of the urethra who initially presented with obstructive voiding complaints secondary to a urethral mass. Wide local excision revealed invasive adenocarcinoma of the urethra with mucinous features. There was intestinal metaplasia adjacent to the tumor, as well as separate identification of intestinal metaplasia along the urethra. Ultimately, the patient underwent radical cystectomy with ileal conduit urinary diversion with no evidence of recurrence, indicating the role of early identification and surgical intervention for such cases. [Rev Urol. 2015;17(1):38-41 doi: 10.3909/riu0622] © 2015 MedReviews®, LLC

UrethraUrethral adenocarcinomaSkene glandGenital tract tumorRadical cystectomy

Jong-Tae YukView Articles
Jordan J StiversonView Articles

Volume 22, Number 2Review Articles

The Role of Multiparametric MRI and MRI-targeted Biopsy in Detecting Clinically Significant Prostate Cancer in the Community Setting: A Retrospective Study

Original Research

Fadi N JoudiMatthew P LierzSerge G SrourRosalee E ZackulaJordan J StiversonKenneth E Schmanke

Multiparametric MRI and the Prostate Imaging-Reporting and Data System (PI-RADS) have emerged as tools to reveal suspicious prostate lesions and MRI-targeted biopsy has shown potential to avoid repeat prostate biopsies and miss fewer significant cancers. This retrospective study sought to assess the differences in diagnostic yield and sampling efficiency between MRI-targeted and standard biopsies in a community urology practice. We concluded that MRI-targeted biopsy was more efficient than a standard biopsy, although neither technique achieved a superior diagnostic yield of clinically significant cancer in our community setting. We recommend that a standard biopsy be performed alongside targeted biopsy. [Rev Urol. 2020;22(2):57–66] © 2020 MedReviews®, LLC

Health services researchProstatic neoplasmsImage-guided biopsyMultiparametric MRIAmbulatory care facilities

Jordon T WalkerView Articles

Volume 18, Number 2Review Articles

Reducing Infectious Complications Following Transrectal Ultrasound-guided Prostate Biopsy: A Systematic Review

Systematic Review

Claus G RoehrbornNirmish SinglaJordon T Walker

A rise in antimicrobial resistant uropathogens has generated a global increase in infections following transrectal ultrasound-guided prostate biopsy (TRUS-Bx). We performed a systematic search of Ovid MEDLINE® and PubMed to comprehensively review strategies to mitigate infections. Of 1664 articles retrieved, 62 were included. The data suggest that augmented prophylaxis and povidone-iodine bowel preparation warrant consideration in regions with high rates of antimicrobial resistance. Transperineal biopsy may be a safer, equally effective alternative to TRUS-Bx in select cases. Recent international travel appears to increase patients’ risk for experiencing infections. These findings can aid clinicians in minimizing post-TRUS-Bx infectious complications. [Rev Urol. 2016;18(2):73-89 doi: 10.3909/riu0713] © 2016 MedReviews®, LLC

Urinary tract infectionProstate biopsyTransrectal ultrasoundSystematic review

Jose A KaramView Articles

Volume 10, Number 2Review Articles

Critical Evaluation of Urinary Markers for Bladder Cancer Detection and Monitoring

Diagnostic Update

Yair LotanJose A KaramPierre I KarakiewizcShahrokh F Shariat

Bladder cancer is currently diagnosed using cystoscopy and cytology in patients with suspicious signs and symptoms. These tests are also used to monitor patients with a history of bladder cancer. The recurrence rate for bladder cancer is high, thus necessitating long-term follow-up. Urine cytology has high specificity but low sensitivity for low-grade bladder tumors. Recently, multiple noninvasive urine-based bladder cancer tests have been developed. Although several markers have been approved by the US Food and Drug Administration for bladder cancer surveillance, only a few are approved for detection of bladder cancer in high-risk patients. [Rev Urol. 2008;10(2):120-135]

Bladder cancerTumor markersCystoscopyUrine cytology

José Murillo B NettoView Articles

Volume 11, Number 2Review Articles

Spinal Dysraphism: A Neurosurgical Review for the Urologist

Management Review

André A FigueiredoLuis M PérezAndré N BastosJosé Murillo B Netto

Spinal neural tube defects are congenital malformations of the spine and spinal cord (eg, myelomeningocele) and are frequently seen in pediatric urology practice. These neurologic problems have many consequences in a child’s life and affect different parts of the body, such as the brain, spinal cord, limbs, bladder, and bowels. Because of the complexity and neurologic aspects of spinal dysraphism, many related terms and aspects of the disease are unfamiliar to the urologist. This review addresses some of the most commonly used neurosurgical terms and concepts related to spinal dysraphism.[Rev Urol. 2009;11(2):71-81]

Spina bifidaSpinal dysraphismMyelomeningocele

Joseph A VeysView Articles
Joseph B SongView Articles

Volume 15, Number 2Case Review

Endoscopic Management of Genitourinary Foreign Bodies

Robert S FigenshauSam B BhayaniAlana C DesaiBrian M BenwayMohammed HaseebuddinYoussef S TanaghoJoseph B Song

Retrieval of foreign bodies from the genitourinary system, most commonly inserted for sexual satisfaction or as a result of a psychiatric illness, can pose a significant surgical challenge. Due to their breadth of size, shape, and location within the genitourinary system, endoscopic management can be difficult. Here, we review the management of four cases of foreign object insertion into the genitourinary system and their outcomes and management. [Rev Urol. 2013;15(2):84-91 doi: 10.3909/riu0571] © 2013 MedReviews®, LLC

Foreign body insertionSoundingGenitourinary foreign objectEndoscopic extraction

Joseph BatuelloView Articles
Joseph C Presti View Articles
Joseph DankoffView Articles

Volume 20, Number 1Case Review

A Potential Link: Cross-fused Renal Ectopia With Concomitant Absent Left Testicle

David W DrevnaBryant Van LeeuwenJoseph Dankoff

Cross-fused renal ectopia (CFRE) is a rare congenital anomaly in which both kidneys are located on a unilateral side of the retroperitoneal space. The ureter of the ectopic kidney is seen to pass over the midline to insert in its normal anatomic position. Frequently this anomaly goes undetected until there is radiologic screening for other purposes or when other genitourinary issues are investigated. Although frequently isolated, this condition has been reported to be associated with other congenital anomalies, genetic disorders, and various urogenital anomalies more than 50% of the time. However, we found no cases linking CFRE with a solitary testicle. This is a case of a 30-year-old man with left-to-right CFRE with concomitant absent left testicle and obstructing distal calculus. [Rev Urol. 2018;20(1):49–51 doi: 10.3909/riu0770] © 2018 MedReviews, LLC®

Cross-fused renal ectopiaCFRE

Joseph E Dall'EraView Articles

Volume 8, Number 4Review Articles

Penile Rehabilitation After Radical Prostatectomy: Important Therapy or Wishful Thinking?

Management Update

Hari K KoulJoseph E Dall'EraRandall B MeachamJesse N Mills

On the basis of data accumulated thus far, it is reasonable to discuss the implementation of a “penile rehabilitation” program with patients undergoing radical prostatectomy. Central to discussions of penile rehabilitation after radical prostatectomy is evidence demonstrating significant fibrotic changes in the corpus cavernosum that occur postoperatively. Several studies have been published evaluating the efficacy of various pro-erectogenic agents. The limited data regarding intracavernous injections and vacuum constriction devices suggest that an increased percentage of treated patients experienced a return of natural erections compared with patients who received no treatment. Longer, prospective, randomized, placebo-controlled studies will be needed to confirm the utility of these treatments. Data from contemporary studies evaluating the chronic use of oral phosphodiesterase type 5 inhibitors suggest a beneficial effect on endothelial cell function among men suffering from erectile dysfunction due to a variety of causes. Limited data suggest that this effect might be seen among post-prostatectomy patients, implying a possible role for these agents in enhancing the return of sexual function in such individuals. [Rev Urol. 2006;8(4):209-215]

Radical prostatectomyErectile dysfunctionPenile rehabilitationPDE-5 inhibitorsHypoxiaIntracorporeal injectionVacuum constriction device

Joseph E RavenellView Articles
Joseph G CheaibView Articles

Volume 22, Number 1Review Articles

Active Surveillance for Small Renal Masses

Management Review

Phillip M PierorazioJoseph G CheaibShagnik Ray

Active surveillance (AS) is a safe and reasonable management strategy for many patients with small renal masses (SRM) suspicious for a clinical T1a renal cell carcinoma based on excellent metastasis-free and cancer-specific survival. However, the expansion of robotic extirpation of SRM has outpaced the adoption of AS, resulting in the possibility of overtreatment for select patients with SRM, especially the elderly and comorbid. In this review of AS for SRM, with a focus on the Delayed Intervention and Surveillance for Small Renal Masses (DISSRM) Registry, we detail the rationale behind AS, review lessons learned from the past decades of literature, and offer suggestions for appropriate patient selection and follow-up. An improved understanding of the data supporting AS will empower physicians and patients to more comfortably pursue AS to avoid overtreatment and provide individualized care to patients with SRM. [Rev Urol. 2020;22(1):9–16] © 2020 MedReviews®, LLC

Renal cell carcinomaSmall renal massActive surveillanceRenal mass biopsyChest imaging

Joseph LiaoView Articles
Joseph M Brito IIIView Articles

Volume 19, Number 4Review Articles

The Use of Biomarkers in Prostate Cancer Screening and Treatment

Treatment Update

Joseph Renzulli IIAshutosh K TewariShalini S YadavKamlesh K YadavJoseph M Brito IIIAshley V Alford

Prostate cancer screening and diagnosis has been guided by prostate-specific antigen levels for the past 25 years, but with the most recent US Preventive Services Task Force screening recommendations, as well as concerns regarding overdiagnosis and overtreatment, a new wave of prostate cancer biomarkers has recently emerged. These assays allow the testing of urine, serum, or prostate tissue for molecular signs of prostate cancer, and provide information regarding both diagnosis and prognosis. In this review, we discuss 12 commercially available biomarker assays approved for the diagnosis and treatment of prostate cancer. The results of clinical validation studies and clinical decision-making studies are presented. This information is designed to assist urologists in making clinical decisions with respect to ordering and interpreting these tests for different patients. There are numerous fluid and biopsy-based genomic tests available for prostate cancer patients that provide the physician and patient with different information about risk of future disease and treatment outcomes. It is important that providers be able to recommend the appropriate test for each individual patient; this decision is based on tissue availability and prognostic information desired. Future studies will continue to emphasize the important role of genomic biomarkers in making individualized treatment decisions for prostate cancer patients. [Rev Urol. 2017;19(4):221–234 doi: 10.3909/riu0772] © 2018 MedReviews®, LLC

Prostate cancerBiomarkers4KscoreProlarisPCA3Prostate Health IndexApifinyMichigan Prostate ScoreSelectMDxConfirmMDxProMarkPTEN/TMPRSS2:ERGDecipher

Joseph MashniView Articles
Joseph Renzulli IIView Articles

Volume 19, Number 4Review Articles

The Use of Biomarkers in Prostate Cancer Screening and Treatment

Treatment Update

Joseph Renzulli IIAshutosh K TewariShalini S YadavKamlesh K YadavJoseph M Brito IIIAshley V Alford

Prostate cancer screening and diagnosis has been guided by prostate-specific antigen levels for the past 25 years, but with the most recent US Preventive Services Task Force screening recommendations, as well as concerns regarding overdiagnosis and overtreatment, a new wave of prostate cancer biomarkers has recently emerged. These assays allow the testing of urine, serum, or prostate tissue for molecular signs of prostate cancer, and provide information regarding both diagnosis and prognosis. In this review, we discuss 12 commercially available biomarker assays approved for the diagnosis and treatment of prostate cancer. The results of clinical validation studies and clinical decision-making studies are presented. This information is designed to assist urologists in making clinical decisions with respect to ordering and interpreting these tests for different patients. There are numerous fluid and biopsy-based genomic tests available for prostate cancer patients that provide the physician and patient with different information about risk of future disease and treatment outcomes. It is important that providers be able to recommend the appropriate test for each individual patient; this decision is based on tissue availability and prognostic information desired. Future studies will continue to emphasize the important role of genomic biomarkers in making individualized treatment decisions for prostate cancer patients. [Rev Urol. 2017;19(4):221–234 doi: 10.3909/riu0772] © 2018 MedReviews®, LLC

Prostate cancerBiomarkers4KscoreProlarisPCA3Prostate Health IndexApifinyMichigan Prostate ScoreSelectMDxConfirmMDxProMarkPTEN/TMPRSS2:ERGDecipher

Joseph SanfrancescoView Articles

Volume 17, Number 2Case Review

Long-term Survival From Muscle-invasive Bladder Cancer With Initial Presentation of Symptomatic Cerebellar Lesion: The Role of Selective Surgical Extirpation of the Primary and Metastatic Lesion

J Stephen JonesDonna HanselHemant Chaparala (4)Esther UdojiJoseph SanfrancescoGanesh K Kartha

A 59-year-old man was diagnosed with urothelial carcinoma involving an isolated cerebellar metastasis after presenting to the emergency department for headache complaints. After selective surgical excision of the symptomatic brain lesion and delayed cystectomy due to intractable hematuria, he survived 11 years without evidence of recurrence or subsequent systemic chemotherapy. He eventually expired after delayed recurrence in the lung, supraclavicular lymph node, and brain. To our knowledge, this is the only case of prolonged survival from urothelial carcinoma after selective surgical extirpation of the primary and metastatic lesion without subsequent systemic chemotherapy. [Rev Urol. 2015;17(2):106-109 doi: 10.3909/riu0643] © 2015 MedReviews®, LLC

Urothelial carcinomaBladder cancerMetastasisCystectomy