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Cystectomy

All articles from this key word are listed below.

Volume 8, Number 2 Review Articles

Pathologic Guidelines for Orthotopic Urinary Diversion in Women With Bladder Cancer: A Review of the Literature

Therapeutic Challenges

Simon D Wu Vannita Simma-Chang John P Stein

Orthotopic lower urinary tract reconstruction to the native intact urethra following radical cystectomy for bladder cancer was slower to gain clinical acceptance for women than for men. Until the 1990s, little was known about the natural history of urethral involvement by urothelial carcinoma in women with primary bladder cancer. The increasing availability of pathologic data to define the incidence of and risks for urethral involvement in women sparked an increasing interest in orthotopic diversion in female patients. Pathologic guidelines have been suggested to identify women suitable for orthotopic diversion. Preoperative involvement of the bladder neck is a significant risk factor for secondary tumor of the urethra, but is not an absolute contraindication, as long as full-thickness, intraoperative frozen-section analysis demonstrates no tumor involvement of the proximal urethra. Although less common, anterior vaginal wall tumor involvement may be a significant risk factor for urethral tumor involvement. Other pathologic parameters, including tumor multifocality, carcinoma in situ of the bladder, and tumor grade and stage, do not seem to be absolute contraindications. Long-term follow-up is critical for all patients. Women undergoing orthotopic reconstruction, if appropriately selected, should be assured of an oncologically sound operation and good function with their neobladder. [Rev Urol. 2006;8(2):54-60]

Cystectomy Orthotopic urinary diversion Orthotopic neobladder Female bladdercancer Urethrectomy Urethral recurrence

Volume 10, Number 4 Review Articles

Bacillus Calmette-Guérin Failures and Beyond: Contemporary Management of Non–Muscle-Invasive Bladder Cancer

Management Review

Michael A O'Donnell Thomas E Keane H Barton Grossman Richard E Greenberg Michael S Cookson

In the United States, bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG) is the treatment most used for superficial bladder cancer. Patients with carcinoma in situ (CIS) treated with intravesical BCG plus interferon have a 60% to 70% chance of a complete and durable response if they were never treated with BCG or if they failed only 1 prior induction or relapsed more than a year from induction. Intravesical gemcitabine is safe, but its usefulness for BCG-refractory patients is unclear. Valrubicin, approved for intravesical treatment of BCGrefractory CIS of the bladder, has efficacy and acceptable toxicity. Cystectomy should be considered in high-risk, non–muscle-invasive cancer, particularly if intravesical therapy failed. [Rev Urol. 2008;10(4):281-289]

Bacillus Calmette-Guérin Bladder cancer Cystectomy Gemcitabine

Volume 15, Number 2 Meeting Reviews

Best of the 2013 AUA Annual Meeting

Highlights From the 2013 American Urological Association Meeting, May 4-8, 2013, San Diego, CA

Prostate cancer PSA screening Nephrolithiasis Overactive bladder PCA3 Interstitial cystitis Prostate biopsy Transrectal ultrasound Erectile dysfunction Cystectomy Chronic pelvic pain syndrome Shock wave lithotripsy Prostate markers

Volume 17, Number 2 Case Review

Long-term Survival From Muscle-invasive Bladder Cancer With Initial Presentation of Symptomatic Cerebellar Lesion: The Role of Selective Surgical Extirpation of the Primary and Metastatic Lesion

J Stephen Jones Donna Hansel Hemant Chaparala (4)Esther Udoji Joseph Sanfrancesco Ganesh K Kartha

A 59-year-old man was diagnosed with urothelial carcinoma involving an isolated cerebellar metastasis after presenting to the emergency department for headache complaints. After selective surgical excision of the symptomatic brain lesion and delayed cystectomy due to intractable hematuria, he survived 11 years without evidence of recurrence or subsequent systemic chemotherapy. He eventually expired after delayed recurrence in the lung, supraclavicular lymph node, and brain. To our knowledge, this is the only case of prolonged survival from urothelial carcinoma after selective surgical extirpation of the primary and metastatic lesion without subsequent systemic chemotherapy. [Rev Urol. 2015;17(2):106-109 doi: 10.3909/riu0643] © 2015 MedReviews®, LLC

Urothelial carcinoma Bladder cancer Metastasis Cystectomy