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Overactive bladder symptomsView Articles

Volume 21, Number 2Meeting Reviews

Best of the 2019 AUA Annual Meeting: Highlights From the 2019 American Urological Association Annual Meeting, May 3-6, 2019, Chicago, IL

Benjamin M BruckerDean G AssimosEllen ShapiroAlan W PartinMichael B ChancellorGregory VurtureZeyad R Schwen

[Rev Urol. 2019;21(2/3):109–117] © 2019 MedReviews®, LLC

UrodynamicsFebrile urinary tract infectionUnderactive bladderAutologous muscle-derived cellsFemale sexual dysfunctionPrenatal hydronephrosisCalcium oxalate kidney stoneformationFecal microbiomeUrinary oxalate excretionOpioid utilization and kidney stonesSuper pulse thulium fiber laserPediatric hypospadias repairGut microbiomeOveractive bladder symptomsVibegronMesh-related complicationsAcupunctureRobot-assisted sacrocolpopexy

Overactive bladder syndromeView Articles

Volume 10, Number 2Meeting Reviews

Best of the 2008 AUA Annual Meeting

Meeting Review

Dean G AssimosDanil V MakarovAlan W PartinMichael B ChancellorJ Curtis NickelClaus G RoehrbornMichael K BrawerNaoki YoshimuraShing-Hwa Lu

Highlights from the 2008 Annual Meeting of the American Urological Association, May 17-22, 2008, Orlando, FL [Rev Urol. 2008;10(2):136-156]

Focal therapyProstate-specific antigenShock wave lithotripsyTumor markersOveractive bladder syndromeBlockersEarly prostate cancer antigenTMPRSS2-ERGCryotherapyUltrasound-estimated bladder weightElocalcitolLithium triboride laserStone formation

OvertreatmentView Articles

Volume 10, Number 2Review Articles

Prostate Cancer in Elderly Men

Treatment Update

Bob DjavanAnton StangelbergerMatthias Waldert

Due to increasing life expectancy and the introduction of prostate-specific antigen (PSA) screening, a rising number of elderly men are diagnosed with prostate cancer. Besides PSA serum levels and Gleason score, age is considered to be a key prognostic factor in terms of treatment decisions. In men older than 70 years, treatment without curative intent may deprive the frail patient of years of life. Modern radical prostatectomy techniques are associated with low perioperative morbidity, excellent clinical outcome, and documented long-term disease control. Thus, radical prostatectomy should be considered because local treatment of organ-confined prostate cancer potentially cures disease. The huge extent of PSA screening programs may lead to overdiagnosis of prostate cancer. Not every man who is diagnosed with prostate cancer will develop clinically significant disease. This has led to the concept of expectant management for screen-detected, small-volume, low-grade disease, with the intention of providing therapy for those men with disease progression. [Rev Urol. 2008;10(2):111-119]

Prostate cancerElderly menScreeningQuality of lifeProstate-specific antigenOvertreatment

OwnershipView Articles

Volume 23, Number 1Business of Urology

Physician-Owned Hospitals: A Look at the Numbers

Robert A. DowlingMara Holton

Physician-owned hospitals are sometimes characterized as examples of inappropriate self-referral. This perception contributes to legislation and regulation that constrain physician ownership. The true scope of physician ownership and its impact are incompletely understood. This study aimed to better define the current landscape of physician ownership in US hospitals to inform policy making in this area.

Ownershipfinancial managementproprietaryhospitals

OxalatesView Articles
Oxalobacter formigenesView Articles

Volume 17, Number 3Meeting Reviews

Highlights From the 2015 American Urological Association Annual Meeting, May 15-19, 2015, New Orleans, LA

Best of the 2015 AUA Annual Meeting

Dean G AssimosEllen ShapiroAlan W PartinMichael B ChancellorStacy LoebJ Curtis NickelMichael A GorinMichael K BrawerHeinz NicolaiÁine Goggins

[Rev Urol. 2015;17(3):179-189 doi:10.3909/riu0681] © 2015 MedReviews®, LLC

Active surveillanceHypospadias4KscoreProlarisStress urinary incontinencePatient phenotypingChronic pelvic pain syndromeEXO106 testMRI/US fusion biopsyOxalobacter formigenesUreteroscopic stone removalDecipher assayRadiation cystitisOccult tethered cord syndromeMRI-guided biopsy

OxybutininView Articles

Volume 8, Number 3Review Articles

Management of Overactive Bladder With Transdermal Oxybutynin

Treatment Update

Roger R DmochowskiJonathan S Starkman

In clinical trials, transdermal oxybutynin (OXY-TDS) has shown comparable efficacy and improved tolerability when compared with conventional pharmacotherapy. Systemic anticholinergic adverse effects are comparable to those with placebo, most likely owing to avoidance of first-pass hepatic metabolism and conversion of oxybutynin to N-desethyloxybutynin. OXY-TDS has predictable pharmacokinetic absorption and elimination parameters, as shown in both in vitro and in vivo studies. Consistent plasma concentrations of oxybutynin avoid labile peak and trough concentrations seen with immediaterelease formulations, paralleling extended-release drug delivery. This novel drug delivery system has unique dermatologic skin application site reactions, including erythema and pruritus. Skin reactions are usually mild and can be minimized by varying the site of patch application. Most eczematous dermatologic reactions can be appropriately treated with a moderately potent topical corticosteroid cream. A small percentage of patients will discontinue therapy as a result of bothersome application site skin reactions. [Rev Urol. 2006;8(3):93-103]

Overactive bladderTolterodineAnticholinergic medicationsOxybutinin

OxybutyninView Articles
PadoporfinView Articles

Volume 10, Number 4Review Articles

Vascular Targeted Photodynamic Therapy for Localized Prostate Cancer

Treatment Update

Herbert Lepor

Survival for men diagnosed with prostate cancer directly depends on the stage and grade of the disease at diagnosis. Prostate cancer screening has greatly increased the ability to diagnose small and low-grade cancers that are amenable to cure. However, widespread prostate-specific antigen screening exposes many men with low-risk cancers to unnecessary complications associated with treatment for localized disease without any survival advantage. One challenge for urological surgeons is to develop effective treatment options for low-risk disease that are associated with fewer complications. Minimally invasive ablative treatments for localized prostate cancer are under development and may represent a preferred option for men with low-risk disease who want to balance the risks and benefits of treatment. Vascular targeted photodynamic therapy (VTP) is a novel technique that is being developed for treating prostate cancer. Recent advances in photodynamic therapy have led to the development of photosynthesizers that are retained by the vascular system, which provides the opportunity to selectively ablate the prostate with minimal collateral damage to other structures. The rapid clearance of these new agents negates the need to avoid exposure to sunlight for long periods. Presented herein are the rationale and preliminary data for VTP for localized prostate cancer. [Rev Urol. 2008;10(4):254-261]

Vascular targeted photodynamic therapyPhotodynamic therapyProstate cancer, localizedMinimally invasive ablative treatment for prostate cancerWST-09WST-11PadoporfinPalladium bacteriopheophorbide

PainView Articles
Pain inguinalView Articles

Volume 21, Number 2Review Articles

Evaluation and Management of Chronic Scrotal Content Pain—A Common Yet Poorly Understood Condition

Management Review

Matthew J ZiegelmannRyan FarrellLaurence A Levine

Chronic scrotal content pain (CSCP) refers to bothersome pain localized to structures within the scrotum that has been present for ≥ 3 months. Etiologies include infection, trauma, and referred pain from the spine, abdomen, and retroperitoneum. However, in many patients there is no obvious identifiable cause. The initial evaluation should include a thorough history and physical examination with adjunctive imaging and laboratory tests as indicated. Treatments vary based on the underlying etiology and include both nonsurgical and surgical options with high levels of success when selectively utilized. The spermatic cord block with local anesthetic is an important tool that helps identify those patients who may benefit from surgery such as microscopic denervation of the spermatic cord. Other treatments including pelvic floor physical therapy may also be indicated in specific circumstances. Using a thoughtful and thorough approach to evaluation and treatment of CSCP, urologists can work with patients to achieve significant improvements in quality of life. [Rev Urol. 2019;21(2/3):74–84] © 2019 MedReviews®, LLC

OrchialgiaTesticlePain inguinalDenervation

Painful bladder syndromeView Articles
Palladium bacteriopheophorbideView Articles

Volume 10, Number 4Review Articles

Vascular Targeted Photodynamic Therapy for Localized Prostate Cancer

Treatment Update

Herbert Lepor

Survival for men diagnosed with prostate cancer directly depends on the stage and grade of the disease at diagnosis. Prostate cancer screening has greatly increased the ability to diagnose small and low-grade cancers that are amenable to cure. However, widespread prostate-specific antigen screening exposes many men with low-risk cancers to unnecessary complications associated with treatment for localized disease without any survival advantage. One challenge for urological surgeons is to develop effective treatment options for low-risk disease that are associated with fewer complications. Minimally invasive ablative treatments for localized prostate cancer are under development and may represent a preferred option for men with low-risk disease who want to balance the risks and benefits of treatment. Vascular targeted photodynamic therapy (VTP) is a novel technique that is being developed for treating prostate cancer. Recent advances in photodynamic therapy have led to the development of photosynthesizers that are retained by the vascular system, which provides the opportunity to selectively ablate the prostate with minimal collateral damage to other structures. The rapid clearance of these new agents negates the need to avoid exposure to sunlight for long periods. Presented herein are the rationale and preliminary data for VTP for localized prostate cancer. [Rev Urol. 2008;10(4):254-261]

Vascular targeted photodynamic therapyPhotodynamic therapyProstate cancer, localizedMinimally invasive ablative treatment for prostate cancerWST-09WST-11PadoporfinPalladium bacteriopheophorbide

Palladium-103View Articles
PalliativeView Articles
Palliative careView Articles
Pancreatic adenocarcinomaView Articles

Volume 15, Number 3Case Review

Ureteral Metastasis as the Presenting Manifestation of Pancreatic Carcinoma

Onkar SinghNand Kishore ArvindShilpi GuptaQutub Ali

We recently cared for a patient with adenocarcinoma of the pancreas who presented with ureteral metastasis followed by hydroureteronephrosis long before the appearance of any symptoms related to the primary lesion. The entity is extremely rare; only seven similar cases are on record in the scientific literature. No recent review exists on this topic. This encouraged us to present our case along with the previous cases of adenocarcinoma of the pancreas with ureteral metastasis that have been reported. [Rev Urol. 2013;15(3):124-130 doi: 10.3909/riu0575] © 2013 MedReviews®, LLC

MetastasisHydronephrosisUreterUreteral metastasisPancreatic adenocarcinoma

Paraneoplastic syndromeView Articles
Paraspinal tumorView Articles

Volume 21, Number 1Case Review

Use of Spermatic Cord Block Systematically Identifies a Paraspinal Tumor as Source of Orchialgia

Mason HoltelRobert J Baranello JrAllyson HalePatrick Springhart

Orchialgia is a common urologic complaint with a myriad of etiologies. Workup for orchialgia requires a broad differential diagnosis and a thorough understanding of relevant anatomy. We report the case of a 43-year-old man who presented to a urologist with right testicular pain. Following a negative workup, the patient received a spermatic cord block for therapeutic and diagnostic purposes. Two months after the block, the patient returned with new complaints of ipsilateral inner thigh paresthesias, suggesting a pathologic process proximal to the genital branch of the genitofemoral nerve. A subsequent MRI of the lumbosacral spine revealed a paraspinal mass involving nerve roots at L1-2. We highlight the utility of the spermatic cord block and its role in the diagnosis of a paraspinal tumor as an uncommon cause of orchialgia. [Rev Urol. 2019;21(1):49–52] © 2019 MedReviews®, LLC

OrchialgiaNeuropathic painTesticular painSpermatic cord blockGenitofemoral nerveParaspinal tumor

Paratesticular fibrous pseudotumorView Articles

Volume 13, Number 4Case Review

Benign Paratesticular Fibrous Pseudotumor With Malignant Clinical Features

Abdelhak KhalloukYounes AhallalMohamed Jamal El FassiMoulay Hassan FarihMohamed Fadl TaziElmehdi Tazi

Paratesticular tumors are rare intrascrotal masses that grow mainly in structures containing connective tissue around the testis, epididymis, or spermatic cord. We report here on a case of a 55-year-old man with a mass in the hemiscrotum that was found to be a paratesticular fibrous pseudotumor in the orchiectomy specimen pathologic examination. From this case report and literature review, a diagnostic and therapeutic strategy is demonstrated for the management of this uncommon lesion. [Rev Urol. 2011;13(4):e203-e205 doi: 10.3909/riu0509] © 2011 MedReviews®, LLC

Paratesticular fibrous pseudotumorEpididymisSpermatic cord

Parathyroid hormoneView Articles

Volume 10, Number 3Review Articles

Hypercalcemic States Associated With Nephrolithiasis

Management Update

Dean G AssimosCorey PassmanBrandon L Craven

Although kidney stone formation due to hypercalcemic states is rare, it is important for urologists to understand the pathophysiology of these conditions, methods of diagnosis, and treatments. This should foster a quicker diagnosis and institution of appropriate therapy. The latter typically leads to the attenuation of kidney stone activity. Moreover, these patients have a systemic disease, and therapy has other health benefits. [Rev Urol. 2008;10(3):218-226]

NephrolithiasisVitamin DSarcoidosisHypercalcemiaCalcium homeostasisCalcitriolParathyroid hormoneHyperparathyroidism

Paraureteral diverticulumView Articles
Partial adrenalectomyView Articles

Volume 11, Number 2Meeting Reviews

Best of the 2009 AUA Annual Meeting

Highlights From the 2009 Annual Meeting of the American Urological Association, April 25-30, 2009, Chicago, IL

Dean G AssimosEllen ShapiroAlan W PartinMichael B ChancellorStacy LoebJ Curtis NickelClaus G RoehrbornMichael K BrawerNaoki YoshimuraArie S BelldegrunB ShuchF Pouliot

Prostate cancer screeningObesityBenign prostatic hyperplasiaLower urinary tract symptomsVesicoureteral refluxNephrolithiasisStress urinary incontinenceInflammationSilodosinHormonal therapyTumor markersTMPRSS2ERG4-Kallikrein panelBotulinum toxin type AMale voiding dysfunctionBenign prostatic specific antigenRoux-en-Y gastric bypass surgeryGenitourinary pain indexUPOINT clinical phenotype systemNephron-sparing surgeryWatchful waitingLaparoscopy for adrenal cortical carcinomaPartial adrenalectomyUrethral traumaPediatric urethral strictureEnteric urologic surgery

Partial androgen deficiencyView Articles
Partial nephrectomyView Articles

Volume 5, Number 1Review Articles

Laparoscopic Total and Partial Nephrectomy-- The New Standard?

Technique Update

Benjamin R Lee

Laparoscopic radical nephrectomy has been shown in long-term follow-up to provide shorter patient hospitalization and effective cancer control with no significant difference in survival compared with open radical nephrectomy. The major technical issue for success of laparoscopic partial nephrectomy is hemostatic control, and several techniques have been developed to improve control. Laparoscopic partial nephrectomy continues to evolve along two therapeutic technical avenues: hilar clamping with ischemia versus no hilar clamping. The benefits of laparoscopy for the kidney have clearly been demonstrated in terms of less pain, decreased convalescence, and decreased narcotic requirements. With short-term outcomes demonstrating laparoscopic partial nephrectomy as an efficacious procedure, the role of laparoscopic partial nephrectomy should continue to increase. [Rev Urol. 2003;5(1):9–14]

HemostasisLaparoscopic radical nephrectomyRenal neoplasmsPartial nephrectomyRadiofrequency ablation

PathogenesisView Articles
PathologyView Articles
PathophysiologyView Articles
patient advocacyView Articles

Volume 23, Number 4Reviews in Urology

Meet the Expert: Stephanie Chisolm, PhD

Tom Jayram

Thank you for joining us today for our final “Meet the Expert” of the year, with our special guest, Stephanie Chisholm, PhD. Dr Chisholm is director of education and advocacy at the Bladder Cancer Advocacy Network, affectionately known to all of us as BCAN (pronounced “Beacon”). I’m your moderator for today, Tom Jayram. I’m a urologic oncologist in Nashville, Tennessee, where I lead a large urologic oncology program at a 30-person private practice group. I am also fortunate to be the editor of the bladder cancer section for Reviews in Urology.

UrologyUrinary bladderpatient advocacy

patient navigationView Articles