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Surgery, urologicView Articles
Surgical errorsView Articles

Volume 18, Number 4Case Review

Gossypiboma Manifesting as Urachal Mass

Nirmish SinglaAhmed Q HaddadChristopher CefaluVitaly Margulis

Gossypiboma (retained surgical sponge) occurs between 1 in 1000 and 1 in 1500 of all intra-abdominal operations. Patients with gossypibomas may present asymptomatically or with nonspecific symptoms, such as abdominal pain or bloating; identification frequently relies on imaging. Results of imaging alone, however, may appear nonspecific, and the gossypiboma may mimic other masses, such as neoplasms, hematomas, or abscesses. They require surgical removal for definitive diagnosis and treatment. Herein we present an unusual case of gossypiboma masquerading as an urachal mass in a 75-year-old woman. Diagnostic evaluation, natural history, and prevention of retained surgical materials are discussed. [Rev Urol. 2016;18(4):239-241 doi: 10.3909/riu0703] © 2016 MedReviews®, LLC

GossypibomaUrachal massSurgical errorsPatient safety

Surgical procedures, endoscopicView Articles
Surgical procedures, laparoscopicView Articles
Surgical procedures, minimally invasiveView Articles

Volume 8, Supplement 3Review Articles

Economic Impact of Surgical Intervention in the Treatment of Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia

Photoselective Vaporization of the Prostate

John M HollingsworthJohn T Wei

The economic burden of benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) on our health care system is significant and likely to continue to grow given the burgeoning elderly population. Coincident with the rising number of annual physician office visits and expenditures for BPH has been a dramatic shift in the disease’s management, from surgical to medical care. However, long-term cost data call into question the appropriateness of medical therapy as the initial treatment approach for all men with BPH, particularly those with moderate to severe symptoms. Although there has been a paradigm shift away from traditional BPH surgery, there has been renewed interest in the treatment of BPH with novel surgical techniques and minimally invasive surgeries. The economics of surgical interventions for BPH are discussed. [Rev Urol. 2006;8(suppl 3):S9-S15]

Benign prostatic hyperplasiaEconomicsSurgical procedures, minimally invasiveTransurethral resection of prostate

Surgical techniqueView Articles

Volume 17, Number 1Original Research

Hemostasis During Urologic Surgery: Fibrin Sealant Compared With Absorbable Hemostat

David M. AlbalaJerome B RiebmanRichard KocharianBogdan IlieJohn AlbaneseJessica ShenLiza OvingtonJonathan Batiller

In the United States, fibrin sealants have been used to achieve hemostasis for nearly two decades. Although their clinical utility was first demonstrated in cardiac surgery, their effectiveness and safety have since been demonstrated to extend to a wide array of procedures. Fibrin sealants typically contain two components—fibrinogen and thrombin—that are combined and delivered simultaneously to a target bleeding site in order to achieve hemostasis. However, many commercial formulations contain other additional components, such as antifibrinolytic agents, that have been associated with adverse outcomes. This subanalysis compares the safety and effectiveness of a fibrin sealant versus an absorbable hemostat for achieving hemostasis during urologic procedures with mild to moderate bleeding. [Rev Urol. 2015;17(1):25-30 doi: 10.3909/ricm0647] © 2015 MedReviews®, LLC

BleedingHemostasisHemostaticsFibrin tissue adhesiveUrologic surgical proceduresSurgical technique

Surgical therapyView Articles
Surgical treatmentView Articles
SurveillanceView Articles
SurvivalView Articles
Survival analysisView Articles
SurvivinView Articles

Volume 9, Number 3Meeting Reviews

Best of the 2007 AUA Annual Meeting

Meeting Review

Dean G AssimosDanil V MakarovEllen ShapiroAlan W PartinMichael B ChancellorJ Curtis NickelJacob RajferClaus G RoehrbornMichael K Brawer

Highlights from the 2007 Annual Meeting of the American Urological Association May 19-24, 2007 Anaheim, CA [Rev Urol. 2007;9(3):133-154]

Prostate cancerObesityBenign prostatic hyperplasiaAntibiotic prophylaxisNocturiaLower urinary tract symptomsBotulinum toxinProstate-specific antigenBiomarkersPCA3TestosteroneUrinary tract infectionsUrolithiasisLaser ablationEndourologyMale voiding dysfunctionLHRH antagonistsAntimuscarinic agentsCircumcisionRepeat biopsyHuman glandularkallikreinExpectant managementCRISP-3MSPMicrovesseldensityEndoglinSurvivinTelomeresInterleukin-8PDE-5 inhibitorsAcute urinaryretention5Alpha-reductase inhibitorsDoxazosinFinasterideTransurethral microwave thermotherapyTURPPerioperative blood lossMicrobialbiofilmsHIVStem cell injection

Survivorship care planView Articles

Volume 18, Number 4Prostate Cancer Academy

Prostate Cancer Survivorship: Implementation of Survivorship Care Plans to Meet the Mandate and Enhance Urologic Practice Through Collaborative Care

Alison M RasperRyan P Terlecki

Prostate cancer is the most common malignancy among the male survivorship population in the United States, representing 44% of approximately 7 million survivors. In the era of modern medicine and value-based care, successfully treating only the cancer is not sufficient. The cancer survivor represents an individual in need of restoration and protection against future events. A well-designed and well-supported survivorship program not only meets a mandate for accreditation, it logically translates into better patient care. This review summarizes the history of the survivorship movement, outlines some key elements of a survivorship program, and highlights the opportunity to apply these principles to improve cancer-related care, develop relationships with colleagues that may allow increased identification of men at risk, and expand both the experience and outcomes of individual specialists within men’s health. [Rev Urol. 2016;18(4):214-220 doi: 10.3909/riu0733] © 2016 MedReviews®, LLC

Cancer, prostateSurvivorship care planCancer surveillance

Susceptibility genesView Articles
Suturing adjuvantView Articles

Volume 13, Number 3Review Articles

A Review of Current Hemostatic Agents and Tissue Sealants Used in Laparoscopic Partial Nephrectomy

Treatment Review

I GalanakisN VasdevN Soomro

Laparoscopic partial nephrectomy (LPN) is currently considered to be one of the most challenging procedures in minimally invasive urological surgery. With an increasing number of renal tumors being managed using LPN, there is now a further interest in the development of techniques and agents to reduce complications associated with the procedure. Hemostasis is of paramount importance during LPN, and hemostatic agents and tissue sealants are now being used commonly during LPN. Despite this, there is a dearth of prospective, randomized, human trials in current literature that compare the various agents. This review evaluates hemostatic agents and tissue sealants being used during LPN as an adjuvant to suturing in human studies. [Rev Urol. 2011;13(3):131-138 doi: 10.3909/riu0524] © 2011 MedReviews®, LLC

Laparoscopic partial nephrectomyRenal tumorsHemostatic agentsTissue sealantsSuturing adjuvant

Symptom indexView Articles
Symptom questionnairesView Articles
Symptom scoreView Articles
Synthetic mesh slingView Articles

Volume 12, Number 3Meeting Reviews

Best of the AUA Annual Meeting

Meeting Review

Dean G AssimosEllen ShapiroMichael B ChancellorJ Curtis NickelClaus G RoehrbornMichael K BrawerAkira Furuta

Highlights From the 2010 American Urological Association Meeting, May 29-June 3, 2010, San Francisco, CA [Rev Urol. 2010;12(2/3):e134-e146 doi: 10.3909/riu0500]

Autologous muscle-derived cellsNocturiaBotulinum toxinProstate-specific antigenUrosepsisShock wave lithotripsyTransrectal ultrasound prostateEscherichia coliSynthetic mesh slingProstatic urethral liftPRX3.02

Systematic prostate biopsyView Articles
Systematic reviewView Articles

Volume 18, Number 2Review Articles

Reducing Infectious Complications Following Transrectal Ultrasound-guided Prostate Biopsy: A Systematic Review

Systematic Review

Nirmish SinglaJordon T WalkerClaus G Roehrborn

A rise in antimicrobial resistant uropathogens has generated a global increase in infections following transrectal ultrasound-guided prostate biopsy (TRUS-Bx). We performed a systematic search of Ovid MEDLINE® and PubMed to comprehensively review strategies to mitigate infections. Of 1664 articles retrieved, 62 were included. The data suggest that augmented prophylaxis and povidone-iodine bowel preparation warrant consideration in regions with high rates of antimicrobial resistance. Transperineal biopsy may be a safer, equally effective alternative to TRUS-Bx in select cases. Recent international travel appears to increase patients’ risk for experiencing infections. These findings can aid clinicians in minimizing post-TRUS-Bx infectious complications. [Rev Urol. 2016;18(2):73-89 doi: 10.3909/riu0713] © 2016 MedReviews®, LLC

Urinary tract infectionProstate biopsyTransrectal ultrasoundSystematic review

Systemic diseaseView Articles

Volume 21, Number 4Review Articles

Impact of Demographic Factors and Systemic Disease on Urinary Stone Risk Parameters Amongst Stone Formers

Original Research

Dean G AssimosKyle WoodWilliam PooreBarbara GowerCarter BoydDustin WhitakerOmotola AshorobiRobert Oster

This article examines via multivariate analysis the associations between demographic factors and systemic diseases on stone risk parameters in a stone-forming population. A retrospective chart review of adult stone formers who completed 24-hour urine collections from April 2004 through August 2015 was performed. Data was collected on age, sex, race, body mass index (BMI), and diagnoses of diabetes and hypertension. CT imaging and renal/abdominal ultrasonography (within ±6 mo) were reviewed for diagnosis of fatty liver disease. Statistical analysis included Pearson and Spearman correlation analysis, and linear and logistic regression analyses, both univariate and multivariate. Five hundred eighty-nine patients were included. Numerous urinary parameters were significant in association with demographic factors or systemic diseases in a multivariate analysis. Older age was associated with decreased calcium (Ca) excretion (P = 0.0214), supersaturation of calcium oxalate (SSCaOx; P = 0.0262), supersaturation of calcium phosphate (SSCaP; P < 0.0001), and urinary pH (P = 0.0201). Men excreted more Ca (P = 0.0015) and oxalate (Ox; P = 0.0010), had lower urine pH (P = 0.0269), and higher supersaturation of uric acid (SSUA; P < 0.0001) than women. Blacks had lower urine volume (P = 0.0023), less Ca excretion (P = 0.0142), less Ox excretion (P = 0.0074), and higher SSUA (P = 0.0049). Diabetes was associated with more Ox excretion (P < 0.0001), lower SSCaP (P = 0.0068), and lower urinary pH (P = 0.0153). There were positive correlations between BMI and Ca excretion (P = 0.0386), BMI and Ox excretion (P = 0.0177), and BMI and SSUA (P = 0.0045). These results demonstrate that demographic factors and systemic disease are independently associated with numerous risk factors for kidney stones. The mechanisms responsible for these associations and disparities (racial differences) need to be further elucidated. [Rev Urol. 2019;21(4):158–165] © 2020 MedReviews®, LLC

ObesityKidney stonesDiabetesSystemic diseaseFatty Liver

TadalafilView Articles
TamsulosinView Articles

Volume 5, Number 2Meeting Reviews

Advances in the Medical Treatment of Prostate Cancer, Bladder Cancer, Renal Cell Cancer, and Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia

Highlights from the XVIIth Congress of the European Association of Urology, Birmingham, UK

Claus G RoehrbornBob DjavanMesut RemziChristian Seitz

Prostate cancerBenign prostatic hyperplasiaBladder cancerLower urinary tract symptomsProstate-specific antigenRadical prostatectomyRadical nephrectomyNomogramsTamsulosinAlfuzosinFinasterideDutasterideBicalutamideBacille Calmette-GuerinPermixonRenal cell cancerTransrectal ultrasound-guided biopsyVirtual cystoscopy

Tape sling proceduresView Articles
Targeted therapiesView Articles
Targeted therapyView Articles
Targeted treatmentView Articles

Volume 9, Number 2Review Articles

Understanding the Natural Biology of Kidney Cancer: Implications for Targeted Cancer Therapy

Treatment Update

Arie S BelldegrunAllan J PantuckTobias KlatteMark D Kleid

During the past several decades, there has been a significant increase in the understanding of the biology, clinical behavior, and prognostic factors of renal cell carcinoma (RCC). Such progress has led to greater sophistication in the diagnosis and classification of RCC. Here, we review recent advances in our knowledge of the biologic characteristics of RCC that have resulted in notable achievements in staging, prognosis, patient selection, and treatment. [Rev Urol. 2007;9(2):47-56]

AngiogenesisGeneticsMolecular markersTargeted treatmentTumor-node-metastasis classification

TaxanesView Articles

Volume 9, Supplement 2Review Articles

Treatment Options for Hormone-Refractory Prostate Cancer

Androgen-Independent Prostate Cancer

Sam S Chang

Hormone-refractory prostate cancer is a disease that includes a variety of patients and represents a treatment dilemma for the practicing physician. Because of the diversity of this group, management strategies must be targeted to the clinical situations of the individual patients and their wishes. This article outlines a logical progression of treatment choices that currently exist in this rapidly evolving field, and the landmark chemotherapy trials involving docetaxel (SWOG 9916 and TAX 327) are reviewed. Although significant progress has been made in understanding and treating hormonerefractory prostate cancer, current treatments do not yet provide a cure, and important clinical trials continue to recruit patients. [Rev Urol. 2007;9(suppl 2):S13-S18]

ChemotherapyHormone-refractory prostate cancerAndrogen-independent prostate cancerTaxanes

Taxi cab syndromeView Articles

Volume 16, Number 3Review Articles

Taxi Cab Syndrome: A Review of the Extensive Genitourinary Pathology Experienced by Taxi Cab Drivers and What We Can Do to Help

Disease State Review

Alon Y MassDavid S GoldfarbOjas D Shah

This review consolidates knowledge regarding the extensive genitourinary pathology experienced by taxi cab drivers. Taxi cab, livery, truck, and other drivers all objectively and subjectively may have more voiding dysfunction, infertility, urolithiasis, bladder cancer, and urinary infections as compared with nonprofessional drivers; this is called taxi cab syndrome. Together with governmental and medical assistance, simple interventions&mdash;such as education, the addition of taxi relief stations, and possibly the use of sanitary urinary collection devices&mdash;to curb the progression of genitourinary disease in taxi drivers should be prospectively studied. It is postulated that many of these interventions may also benefit other groups of occupationally related infrequent voiders. [Rev Urol. 2014;16(3):99-104 doi: 10.3909/riu0627] This article is a US Government work, and, as such, is in the public domain in the United States of America. Published by MedReviews®, LLC

InfertilityUrolithiasisTaxi cab syndromeInfrequent voiders syndromeOccupational hazardVoiding dysfunctionProstodynia