Volume 11, Number 1Review ArticlesThe Role of Immunotherapy in Prostate Cancer: An Overview of Current Approaches in DevelopmentTreatment ReviewJohn M CormanMichael RiskOngoing clinical trials provide promise for the introduction of immunotherapy into the armamentarium against prostate cancer, but the precise role for immunotherapy remains to be determined. Combinations of immunotherapies may be needed to improve the response rates and the duration of response. Investigators have begun to examine the effect of immunotherapy in combination with other standard treatment, including as an adjuvant to chemotherapy or radiotherapy and as a neoadjuvant agent before prostatectomy. Although many studies examine efficacy in men with metastatic hormone-refractory prostate cancer, there is some evidence for improved responses at earlier stages of disease: the ability of the tumor to evade the immune system may be lessened with lower tumor burden, or the immune system may already be weakened in men with later stages of disease.[Rev Urol. 2009;11(1):16-27]Prostate cancerImmunotherapyVaccine
Volume 18, Number 2Case ReviewEndoscopic Management of Bladder DiverticulaClaudio JeldresKhanh N PhamThomas HeftyJohn M CormanA 50-year-old man with benign prostatic hyperplasia and urinary retention had a very large diverticulum on the posterior wall of the bladder. The patient was managed with transurethral resection of the prostate and endoscopic fulguration of the bladder diverticulum mucosa using the Orandi technique. There was near-complete resolution of the bladder diverticulum following endoscopic management, obviating the need for bladder diverticulectomy. The patient now empties his bladder, with a postvoid residual 50 mL and the absence of urinary tract infection after 6-month follow-up. We report the successful treatment of a large bladder diverticulum with endoscopic fulguration to near-complete resolution. This minimally invasive technique is a useful alternative in patients unfit for a more extensive surgical approach. [Rev Urol. 2016;18(2):114-117 doi: 10.3909/riu0701] © 2016 MedReviews®, LLCBladder diverticulumEndoscopicFulguration