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Directory of Authors from the Journal and their last article.

Leonard Michael GlodeView Articles
Leonard S MarksView Articles
Lesley K CarrView Articles

Volume 9, Number 3Review Articles

Advances in the Understanding of Stress Urinary Incontinence and the Promise of Stem-Cell Therapy

Treatment Update

Michael B ChancellorNaoki YoshimuraAkira FurutaLesley K Carr

The middle urethra and external urethral sphincter are the focus in management of stress urinary incontinence, and recent cellular-therapy research suggests a new paradigm in treatment. Cell-based therapies are most often described as using autologous multipotent stem cells procured from bone marrow in procedures that may be painful, require anesthesia, and yield low numbers of mesenchymal stem cells upon processing. In contrast, muscleand adipose-derived stem cells can be obtained easily in large quantities under local anesthesia. Instead of lifting the urethra with a sling or bulking up the urethral sphincter with collagen, we now have the potential to restore function with the use of autologous stem cells. [Rev Urol. 2007;9(3):106-112]

Urinary incontinenceUrethral sphincterMuscle-derived stem cells

Leslie A DeaneView Articles

Volume 19, Number 1Case Review

Perineal Urethrostomy: Still Essential in the Armamentarium for Transurethral Surgery

Dimitri PapagiannopoulosLeslie A Deane

A 69-year-old morbidly obese man presented with hematuria caused by a large anterior wall bladder tumor. The mass was inaccessible for resection by standard means due to the patient’s obesity and phallic length. A perineal urethrostomy was required to enable complete resection. This age-old technique is revisited for the benefit of this generation’s urologists. [Rev Urol. 2017;19(1):72-75 doi: 10.3909/riu0742] © 2017 MedReviews®, LLC

Bladder tumorsTransurethral resectionPerineal urethrostomy

Lester Joesph PratsView Articles

Volume 18, Number 4Case Review

Collateral Urethral Duplication in an Adult With Adult Polycystic Kidney Disease

Dunia Taufiq KhaledAmanda Feige SaltzmanLester Joesph Prats

Duplications of the lower urinary tract are rare congenital anomalies that are usually accompanied by concomitant nonurologic anomalies; they are typically diagnosed in early childhood. In more rare cases these are isolated, leading to diagnosis later. We describe a 50-year-old man who remained asymptomatic and therefore undiagnosed for five decades. His is one of fewer than 20 cases in the literature describing urethral duplication in the coronal (collateral) plane, the more common variant being sagittal (dorsal-ventral) duplication. He is one of only four cases reported without concomitant midline anomaly. Furthermore, he is the sole case associated with adult polycystic kidney disease. [Rev Urol. 2016;18(4):242-245 doi: 10.3909/riu0705] © 2016 MedReviews®, LLC

Collateral duplicationCoronal duplicationDuplicate urethraUrethral anomalyDuplication of lower urinary tract

Lewis E HarpsterView Articles
Lezrek MohamedView Articles

Volume 15, Number 1Case Review

Inguinal Bladder Hernia: Four Case Analyses

Kamal MoufidDriss TouitiLezrek Mohamed

A study of four cases presenting as inguinal bladder hernia was performed based on a review of the clinical presentation, circumstances of diagnostics, and surgical management. The mean age of patients was 66.5 years. Presenting symptoms included lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS; three cases) and decrease in scrotal size after voiding (one case). The diagnostic circumstances were incidental finding during investigation for urethral stricture (one case), preoperative discovery on the basis of decrease in scrotal size after voiding (one case), perioperative discovery during standard herniorrhaphy (one case), and peritoneal effusion secondary to bladder injury in the early postoperative period. All patients were managed successfully by replacement of the bladder in its original position and inguinal herniorrhaphy, the Lichtenstein technique (two cases), Shouldice repair (one case), or modified Bassini repair (one case) through the same inguinal incision. For one patient, bladder injury was diagnosed at the time of inguinal herniorrhaphy and repair was promptly made. For another, bladder injury was discovered only at surgical abdominal exploration. Surgical repair led to the resolution of signs and urologic symptoms in all but one patient who needed medical therapy for residual LUTS. An awareness of this possibility on the part of general surgeons should guide preoperative evaluation and therapy appropriately. Even if the preoperative diagnosis is missed, a perioperative diagnosis is crucial to avoid bladder injury during surgery. [Rev Urol. 2013;15(1):32-36 doi: 10.3909/riu0560] © 2013 MedReviews®, LLC

ComplicationsBladderInguinal herniaCystographyHerniorrhaphy

Li-Ming SuView Articles

Volume 8, Number 3Meeting Reviews

Best of the 2006 AUA Annual Meeting

Meeting Review

Danil V MakarovEllen ShapiroAlan W PartinMichael B ChancellorVictor W NittiJ Curtis NickelJacob RajferClaus G RoehrbornMichael K BrawerArie S BelldegrunJohn P SteinJohn P MulhallTobias KlatteMichael E AldridgeLi-Ming SuShachi Tyagi

Highlights from the 2006 Annual Meeting of the American Urological Association May 20–25, 2006 Atlanta, GA

Prostate cancerInfertilityBenign prostatic hyperplasiaBladder cancerKidney cancerLower urinary tract symptomsBladder exstrophyOveractive bladderInterstitial cystitisStress urinary incontinencePeyronie’s diseaseSpina bifidaNeurogenic bladderErectile dysfunctionChronic pelvic pain syndromeChronic prostatitisTumor markersAndrogen replacement therapyEjaculatory dysfunctionAnorectal malformationsRenal stonesRobotic-assisted radical prostatectomy

Lilian DiazView Articles

Volume 23, Number 2Prostate Cancer

Real-World Comparison of Deep Prostate-Specific Antigen Response in Patients With Metastatic Castration-Sensitive Prostate Cancer Treated With Apalutamide or Enzalutamide

Benjamin H. LowentrittIbrahim KhilfehDominic PilonShawn DuCarmine RossiFrederic KinkeadLilian DiazJill KorsiakPatrick LefebvreGordon A Brown

Deep prostate-specific antigen reduction of at least 90% (PSA90 response) after androgen receptor pathway inhibitor initiation to treat metastatic castration-sensitive prostate cancer (mCSPC) is associated with longer survival. This real-world study evaluated the proportion of androgen receptor pathway inhibitor–naive patients with mCSPC who achieved PSA90 response 6 months after initiating apalutamide or enzalutamide.

Prostatic neoplasmsProstate-specific antigen (PSA)Prostate-specific antigenProstate-specific antigensCastrationAndrogen receptorAndrogen receptor antagoniststreatment effectiveness

Lina LiuView Articles
Lindsey A KerrView Articles
Lisa HarveyView Articles

Volume 20, Number 3Original Research

Accuracy in 24-hour Urine Collection at a Tertiary Center

Dean G AssimosKyle WoodCarter BoydDustin WhitakerOmotola AshorobiRobert OsterLisa HarveyRoss P Holmes

There is a paucity of studies addressing the accuracy of 24-hour urine collection for assessing stone risk parameters. Collection accuracy is thought to be essential for assigning optimal therapy for stone prevention. The objective of this study was to determine factors associated with accurate and inaccurate collections. During a 2-year period (2015-2016), 241 stone formers completed 24-hour urine collections. They were divided into accurate collectors (AC), defined as at least one accurate urine collection, and inaccurate collectors (IC). Accuracy was assessed by 24-hour urine creatinine (Cr) excretion indexed to body weight (normal: males, 20-25 mg Cr/kg; females, 15-20 mg Cr/kg). Demographic data analyzed included age, gender, race, insurance status, partner status, income, and education. Statistical analysis methods included the chi-square test, Fisher’s exact test, and the two-group t-test. Average age was 50.7 years at the time of collection; 50.2% were men, 86% were white, and 14% were black. Overall, 51.0% of collections were inaccurate. There was no statistical significance between AC and IC for gender (P = 0.85), race (P = 0.90), insurance status (P = 0.85), recurrence (P = 0.87), stone type (P = 0.57), education (P = 0.35), income (P = 0.42), or poverty (P = 0.35). Older age (P = 0.017) and having a partner (P = 0.022) were significantly associated with AC. The high rate of inaccurate 24-hour urine collections is a concern. The only factors we identified as influencing collection accuracy were age and partner status. These results underscore the importance of developing methods to improve the accuracy of collecting 24-hour urine samples. [Rev Urol. 2018;20(3):119–124 doi: 10.3909/riu0807] © 2018 MedReviews®, LLC

Kidney stonesMetabolic evaluation24-hour urine collectionaccuracyDemographicsSocioeconomic factors

Liza OvingtonView Articles

Volume 17, Number 1Original Research

Hemostasis During Urologic Surgery: Fibrin Sealant Compared With Absorbable Hemostat

David M. AlbalaJerome B RiebmanRichard KocharianBogdan IlieJohn AlbaneseJessica ShenLiza OvingtonJonathan Batiller

In the United States, fibrin sealants have been used to achieve hemostasis for nearly two decades. Although their clinical utility was first demonstrated in cardiac surgery, their effectiveness and safety have since been demonstrated to extend to a wide array of procedures. Fibrin sealants typically contain two components—fibrinogen and thrombin—that are combined and delivered simultaneously to a target bleeding site in order to achieve hemostasis. However, many commercial formulations contain other additional components, such as antifibrinolytic agents, that have been associated with adverse outcomes. This subanalysis compares the safety and effectiveness of a fibrin sealant versus an absorbable hemostat for achieving hemostasis during urologic procedures with mild to moderate bleeding. [Rev Urol. 2015;17(1):25-30 doi: 10.3909/ricm0647] © 2015 MedReviews®, LLC

BleedingHemostasisHemostaticsFibrin tissue adhesiveUrologic surgical proceduresSurgical technique

Loren Wissner GreeneView Articles

Volume 19, Number 1Review Articles

Revisiting the Role of Testosterone: Are We Missing Something?

Thereapeutic Update

Vineet TyagiMichael ScordoRichard S YoonFrank A LiporaceLoren Wissner Greene

Testosterone is a pleiotropic hormone that plays an important role in the human body. Classically, testosterone was thought to be predominantly involved in androgenesis and physiology in boys and men. Through its conversion to estrogen, testosterone affects bone health, including bone density. Recently, there has been a renewed interest in the systemic role of testosterone in pain, well-being, and cardiovascular function in women and men alike. In this review, we discuss the historic significance of testosterone, its traditionally known physiology, and its molecular and cellular effects. We also discuss evidence for testosterone’s lesser known effects, including its role in women’s health. We suggest a need to revisit the clinical role of testosterone given its potential for applications to treat mood, cognitive health, and other illnesses, and its anabolic role in bone and muscle; we also suggest consideration of the current debate on risks of its use. [Rev Urol. 2017;19(1):16-24 doi: 10.3909/riu0716] © 2017 MedReviews®, LLC

Coronary heart diseaseTestosterone replacement therapyTestosterone

Louis KavoussiView Articles
Louis KuritzkyView Articles
Luca CarmignaniView Articles

Volume 15, Number 4Review Articles

Intracavitary Immunotherapy and Chemotherapy for Upper Urinary Tract Cancer: Current Evidence

Systematic Review

Luca CarmignaniRoberto BianchiGabriele CozziNicola MacchioneCarlo MarenghiSara MelegariMarco RossoElena TondelliAugusto MaggioniAngelica Grasso

A review of the literature was performed to summarize current evidence regarding the efficacy of topical immunotherapy and chemotherapy for upper urinary tract urothelial cell carcinoma (UUT-UCC) in terms of post-treatment recurrence rates. A Medline database literature search was performed in March 2012 using the terms upper urinary tract, urothelial cancer, bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG), and mitomycin C. A total of 22 full-text articles were assessed for eligibility, and 19 studies reporting the outcomes of patients who underwent immunotherapy or chemotherapy with curative or adjuvant intent for UUT-UCC were chosen for quantitative analysis. Overall, the role of immunotherapy and chemotherapy for UUT-UCC is not firmly established. The most established practice is the treatment of carcinoma in situ (CIS) with BCG, even if a significant advantage has not yet been proven. The use of BCG as adjuvant therapy after complete resection of papillary UUT-UCC has been studied less extensively, even if recurrence rates are not significantly different than after the treatment of CIS. Only a few reports describe the use of mitomycin C, making it difficult to obtain significant evidence. [Rev Urol. 2013;15(4):145-153 doi: 10.3909/riu0579] © 2014 MedReviews®, LLC

ImmunotherapyChemotherapyBacillus Calmette-GuérinUpper urinary tractUrothelial cell carcinomaMitomycin C

Lucas ReddView Articles

Volume 17, Number 1Case Review

Adenocarcinoma of the Urethra With Mucinous Features

Arthi SatyanarayanLucas ReddAnthony DyerAndrew WrightJonathan Walker

Primary adenocarcinoma of the female urethra is a rare malignancy. Previous studies hypothesize multiple origins, including periurethral glands or intestinal metaplasia. We report a case of a 60-year-old white woman with adenocarcinoma of the urethra who initially presented with obstructive voiding complaints secondary to a urethral mass. Wide local excision revealed invasive adenocarcinoma of the urethra with mucinous features. There was intestinal metaplasia adjacent to the tumor, as well as separate identification of intestinal metaplasia along the urethra. Ultimately, the patient underwent radical cystectomy with ileal conduit urinary diversion with no evidence of recurrence, indicating the role of early identification and surgical intervention for such cases. [Rev Urol. 2015;17(1):38-41 doi: 10.3909/riu0622] © 2015 MedReviews®, LLC

UrethraUrethral adenocarcinomaSkene glandGenital tract tumorRadical cystectomy

Lucio GarofaloView Articles
Lucio MianoView Articles