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Chemotherapy

All articles from this key word are listed below.

Volume 9, Supplement 1 Review Articles

Current Standard and Investigational Approaches to the Management of Hormone-Refractory Prostate Cancer

New Directions in the Management of Advanced Prostate Cancer

Prateek Mendiratta Daniel J George Andrew J Armstrong

Prostate cancer is a common cause of death in men and remains incurable in the metastatic setting. In 2004, 2 landmark trials using docetaxel-based chemotherapy, TAX 327 and SWOG 99-16, showed a survival benefit for the first time in metastatic, hormone-refractory prostate cancer. Current research suggests that several distinct mechanisms of androgen-refractory disease may converge in patients with disease progression on androgen deprivation therapy. These findings have identified several potential targets for therapeutic intervention. Current standard and investigational treatment options for this disease are discussed, including chemotherapy and rapidly evolving therapies in phase II/III trials involving antiangiogenic therapies, signal transduction inhibitors, immunomodulatory agents, and nuclear receptor targets. In light of a growing array of treatment options and an increasingly chronic natural history, this review supports a multidisciplinary care approach to these patients, including medical oncologists, urologists, and radiation oncologists, to optimize survival and quality of life. [Rev Urol. 2007;9(suppl 1):S9-S19]

Chemotherapy Zoledronic acid Hormone-refractory prostate cancer Antiangiogenic therapy Signal transduction inhibitors Immunomodulatory agents

Volume 9, Number 1 Point-Counterpoint

Is the Testis a Chemo-Privileged Site? Is There a Blood–Testis Barrier?

Point-Counterpoint

John T Leppert Dhiren S Dave Jacob Rajfer

The incidence of testicular cancer, primarily seminoma, has been increasing in many countries, including the United States. The testis is often the site of residual cancer after adequate treatment with systemic chemotherapy. The blood-testis barrier is commonly cited as the explanation for residual tumor within the gonad after chemotherapy and as the indication for delayed orchiectomy. Conversely, complete eradication of viable tumor from the primary site is common and argues against the testis as a “tumor sanctuary.” Residual tumor is also demonstrated within metastatic foci, and the disparity between the histopathologic response of the primary tumor and metastatic sites may be best explained by tumor heterogeneity and multiple tumor clones. Regardless of the scientific and academic arguments, delayed radical orchiectomy remains an important part of treatment for patients undergoing primary chemotherapy. [Rev Urol. 2007;9(1):28-32]

Chemotherapy Testicular cancer Blood–testis barrier Orchiectomy

Volume 15, Number 4 Review Articles

Intracavitary Immunotherapy and Chemotherapy for Upper Urinary Tract Cancer: Current Evidence

Systematic Review

Marco Rosso Angelica Grasso Augusto Maggioni Elena Tondelli Sara Melegari Carlo Marenghi Nicola Macchione Gabriele Cozzi Roberto Bianchi Luca Carmignani

A review of the literature was performed to summarize current evidence regarding the efficacy of topical immunotherapy and chemotherapy for upper urinary tract urothelial cell carcinoma (UUT-UCC) in terms of post-treatment recurrence rates. A Medline database literature search was performed in March 2012 using the terms upper urinary tract, urothelial cancer, bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG), and mitomycin C. A total of 22 full-text articles were assessed for eligibility, and 19 studies reporting the outcomes of patients who underwent immunotherapy or chemotherapy with curative or adjuvant intent for UUT-UCC were chosen for quantitative analysis. Overall, the role of immunotherapy and chemotherapy for UUT-UCC is not firmly established. The most established practice is the treatment of carcinoma in situ (CIS) with BCG, even if a significant advantage has not yet been proven. The use of BCG as adjuvant therapy after complete resection of papillary UUT-UCC has been studied less extensively, even if recurrence rates are not significantly different than after the treatment of CIS. Only a few reports describe the use of mitomycin C, making it difficult to obtain significant evidence. [Rev Urol. 2013;15(4):145-153 doi: 10.3909/riu0579] © 2014 MedReviews®, LLC

Immunotherapy Chemotherapy Bacillus Calmette-Guérin Upper urinary tract Urothelial cell carcinoma Mitomycin C

Volume 22, Number 3 Review Articles

Current and Future Management of Locally Advanced and Metastatic Prostate Cancer

Original Research

With increasing treatment options available, the management of locally advanced and metastatic prostate cancer (PCa) is growing more complex, nuanced, and individualized. Strategies for combining surgery, radiation, chemotherapy, and androgen deprivation therapy (ADT) continue to evolve, as do ADT and immunotherapy options. Additionally, multiple adjunctive agents for metastatic PCa have been recently approved or are pending approval. As the number of locally advanced and metastatic prostate cancers being diagnosed rises, so does the need to consider patients’ clinical situations and personal preferences. This review discusses current and potential future approaches to managing locally advanced and metastatic PCa. [Rev Urol. 2020;22(3):110-123] © 2020 MedReviews®, LLC

Prostate cancer Chemotherapy Androgen deprivation therapy Metastatic prostate cancer Locally advanced prostate cancer