Volume 23, Number 4Prostate CancerDeep Learning for Magnetic Resonance Imaging–Based Radiation Therapy for Prostate Cancer: Current StatusJessica E. ScholeyAbhejit RajagopalJulian HongPeder LarsonKe ShengMagnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is increasingly being used for external beam radiation therapy in the treatment of prostate cancer because of its excellent soft tissue contrast and ability to provide functional and physiologic information about tumor behavior. At the same time, deep learning has seen widespread applications in medical imaging, including for MRI-based classification and synthesis. Deep learning–based approaches are being incorporated into the MRI-guided clinical external beam radiation therapy workflow for patient simulation, contouring of targets and critical structures, treatment planning, and treatment delivery. In this review, we examine the current status of deep learning for MRI-guided prostate external beam radiation therapy.Artificial intelligenceProstatic neoplasmsRadiotherapyMagnetic resonance imaging (MRI)Deep Learning