Volume 16, Number 3Review ArticlesRole of Chemokines in Renal Cell CarcinomaSystematic ReviewJaspreet S PariharHari Siva Gurunadha Rao TunuguntlaWith new frontiers of pharmaceutical therapies focusing on tumor growth and angiogenesis, understanding the interaction between immune system and tumor microenvironment has become ever more important. Chemokines and chemokine receptors appear to play an integral role in tumor characteristics. Evidence suggests CXCR4, CXCL5, CXCR7, and stromal derived factor-1 appear to be crucial in survival, growth, and metastasis of renal cell carcinoma. As the role of chemokines in renal cancer is becoming more evident, further research will lead to a better understanding of tumor biology and the development of new therapeutic targets to help improve survival. [Rev Urol. 2014;16(3):118-121 doi: 10.3909/riu0608] © 2014 MedReviews®, LLCRenal cell carcinomaCytokinesChemokineOncocytoma
Volume 17, Number 3Review ArticlesConservative Management of Urinary Incontinence in WomenIzak FaienaNeal PatelJaspreet S PariharMarc CalabreseHari TunuguntlaUrinary incontinence in women has a high prevalence and causes significant morbidity. Given that urinary incontinence is not generally a progressive disease, conservative therapies play an integral part in the management of these patients. We conducted a nonsystematic review of the literature to identify high-quality studies that evaluated the different components of conservative management of stress urinary incontinence, including behavioral therapy, bladder training, pelvic floor muscle training, lifestyle changes, mechanical devices, vaginal cones, and electrical stimulation. Urinary incontinence can have a severe impact on our healthcare system and patients’ quality of life. There are currently a wide variety of treatment options for these patients, ranging from conservative treatment to surgical treatment. Although further research is required in the area of conservative therapies, nonsurgical treatments are effective and are preferred by some patients. [Rev Urol. 2015;17(3):129-139 doi: 10.3909/riu0651] © 2015 MedReviews®, LLCUrinary incontinenceWomenConservative management