Volume 15, Number 3Review ArticlesBladder Cancer After Radiotherapy for Prostate CancerSystematic ReviewFrancesca SurianoEmanuela AltobelliFederico SergiMaurizio BuscariniExternal beam radiotherapy (EBRT) is frequently used in the management of prostate cancer (PCa) as definitive, postoperative, or salvage local treatment. Although EBRT plays a central role in the management of PCa, complications remain a troubling by-product. Several studies have demonstrated an association between radiotherapy and elevated risk of acute and late toxicities. A secondary malignancy induced by initial therapy represents one of the most serious complications related to definitive cancer treatment. The radiation-related secondary primary malignancy risk increases with increasing survival time. Transitional cell carcinoma of the bladder is the most frequent secondary primary malignancy occurring after radiotherapy and is described as more aggressive; it may be diagnosed later because some radiation oncologists believe that the hematuria that occurs after prostate EBRT is normal. Some patients treated for localized PCa will subsequently develop invasive bladder cancer requiring surgical intervention. Patients with PCa treated with EBRT should be monitored closely for the presence of bladder cancer. [Rev Urol. 2013;15(3):108-112 doi: 10.3909/riu0577] © 2013 MedReviews®, LLCProstate cancerBladder cancerRadiotherapyExternal beam radiotherapy
Volume 16, Number 1Review ArticlesNephron-sparing Management of Upper Tract Urothelial CarcinomaManagement ReviewTommaso BrancatoFrancesca SurianoUpper tract urothelial carcinoma (UTUC) is a relatively rare tumor, but is characterized by high rates of recurrence, morbidity, and mortality. Choice of treatment modality is generally influenced by lesion size, grade, and focality. Radical nephroureterectomy with bladder cuff excision is the gold-standard management of UTUC, although an organ-sparing approach may be beneficial in selected patients. Conservative endoscopic management of UTUC in appropriate patients has a favorable impact on quality of life and health care costs when compared with patients who progress to dialysis-dependent renal failure. Careful ureteroscopic surveillance following endoscopic management of UTUC is essential. [Rev Urol. 2014;16(1):21-28 doi: 10.3909/riu0592] © 2014 MedReviews®, LLCUpper tract urothelial carcinomaTumor gradeNephron-sparing endoscopic treatmentTopical adjuvant chemo-immunotherapyOncologic outcomes