Volume 16, Number 2Review ArticlesFocal Laser Ablation for Localized Prostate Cancer: Principles, Clinical Trials, and Our Initial ExperienceTreatment UpdateHerbert LeporTed LeeNeil MendhirattaDan SperlingFocal therapy of prostate cancer is an evolving treatment strategy that destroys a predefined region of the prostate gland that harbors clinically significant disease. Although long-term oncologic control has yet to be demonstrated, focal therapy is associated with a marked decrease in treatment-related morbidity. Focal laser ablation is an emerging modality that has several advantages, most notably real-time magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) compatibility. This review presents the principles of laser ablation, the role of multiparametric MRI for delineating the site of significant prostate cancer, a summary of published clinical studies, and our initial experience with 23 patients, criteria for selecting candidates for focal prostate ablation, and speculation regarding future directions. [Rev Urol. 2014;16(2):55-66 doi: 10.3909/riu0615] © 2014 MedReviews® LLCProstate cancerFocal therapyTargeted therapyLaser ablation