Volume 23, Number 4Kidney CancerImaging Techniques in the Diagnosis of Renal Cell Carcinoma: Contemporary Trends and Future DirectionsGautam JayramIncreasing radiographic detection of incidental small renal masses has led to a growing concern regarding overtreatment of these lesions. Given the limitations of computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging, there is an unmet need for improved kidney imaging techniques that can provide more accurate assessments of renal lesions. This review provides a summary of established kidney imaging modalities and also those likely to be meaningful in the near future. Kidney imaging has evolved, with several modalities contributing to the overall diagnostic landscape. There is great optimism that a new era of molecular imaging in renal cell carcinoma can vastly improve diagnostic capabilities and limit unnecessary invasive procedures.Carcinoma, renal cellCarcinomaKidney neoplasmsmolecular imagingpositron-emission tomography