Volume 12, Number 4Review ArticlesMetabolic Syndrome and Urologic DiseasesMangement ReviewHaluk AkpinarIlya GorbachinskyMetabolic syndrome (MetS) is a complex entity consisting of multiple interrelated factors including insulin resistance, central adiposity, dyslipidemia, endothelial dysfunction and atherosclerotic disease, low-grade inflammation, and in males, low testosterone levels. MetS has been linked to a number of urologic diseases including nephrolithiasis, benign prostatic hyperplasia and lower urinary tract symptoms, erectile dysfunction, male infertility, female incontinence, and prostate cancer. This article reviews the relationships between MetS and these entities. Urologists need to be cognizant of the impact that MetS has on urologic diseases as well as on overall patient health.[Rev Urol. 2010;12(4):e157-e180 doi: 10.3909/riu0487]© 2010 MedReviews®, LLCObesityMetabolic syndromeBenign prostatic hyperplasiaNephrolithiasisHypogonadismCardiovascular diseaseInsulin resistanceEndothelial dysfunction