Volume 15, Number 2Review ArticlesOptimizing Shock Wave Lithotripsy: A Comprehensive ReviewTreatment UpdateDean G AssimosPaul D McClainJessica N LangeShock wave lithotripsy is a commonly used procedure for eradicating upper urinary tract stones in patients who require treatment. A number of methods have been proposed to improve the results of this procedure, including proper patient selection, modifications in technique, adjunctive therapy to facilitate elimination of fragments, and changes in lithotripter design. This article assesses the utility of these measures through an analysis of contemporary literature. [Rev Urol. 2013;15(2):49-60 doi: 10.3909/riu0568] © 2013 MedReviews®, LLCUpper urinary tract stonesShock wave lithotripsyComminution