Outcomes Research
Literature Review
Outcomes Research continued undergoing orchiectomy, consideration should be given to sperm extraction from the orchiectomy specimen, with cryopreservation of the extracted sperm. Although procedures such as intrauterine insemination can be performed if there are at least 5 106 motile sperm available for insemination, this procedure might not work, and the time might come when IVF with ICSI is the only alternative, despite the excellent sperm count after therapy. Kidney Stones stone prevalence in those with DM was significant for all 3 cohorts. The prospective development of an incident kidney stone event was significantly greater in both female cohorts with DM but not in the male group. In addition, the multivariate risk of incident DM was significant in subjects with a history of kidney stones for all 3 cohorts. These findings again demonstrate that stone formation might be linked to common systemic diseases. Similar associations have been previously demonstrated with hypertension.3,4 References 1. Diabetes Mellitus and Kidney Stone Formation 2. 3. Reviewed by Dean G. Assimos, MD Department of Urology, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC 4. Pak CY, Sakhaee K, Moe O, et al. Biochemical profile of stone-forming patients with diabetes mellitus. Urology. 2003;61:523-527. Abate N, Chandalia M, Cabo-Chan AV Jr, et al. The metabolic syndrome and uric acid nephrolithiasis: novel features of renal manifestation of insulin resistance. Kidney Int. 2004;65:386-392. Strazzullo P, Barba G, Vuotto P, et al. Past history of nephrolithiasis and incidence of hypertension in men: a reappraisal based on the results of the Olivetti prospective heart study. Nephrol Dial Transplant. 2001;16:2232-2235. Borghi L, Meschi T, Guerra A, et al. Essential arterial hypertension and stone disease. Kidney Int. 1999;55:2397-2406. [Rev Urol. 2006;8(1):44] © 2006 MedReviews, LLC idney stone formation is a multifactorial process that is associated with other disease processes. Insulin resistance plays a key role in type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM), and it has been linked to uric acid stone formation.1,2 Insulin resistance might result in a deficit in ammonium production in the kidney, which lowers urinary pH, thus generating a favorable milieu for uric acid stone formation. K Diabetes Mellitus and the Risk of Nephrolithiasis Taylor EN, Stampfer MJ, Curhan GC. Outcomes Research Lower Urinary Tract Symptoms, Erectile Dysfunction, and Hypogonadism Reviewed by Michael P. O’Leary, MD, MPH Department of Surgery, Harvard Medical School; Division of Urology, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA [Rev Urol. 2006;8(1):44-45] © 2006 MedReviews, LLC Kidney Int. 2005;68:1230-1235. Taylor and colleagues searched for a prospective association between DM and kidney stone formation by conducting a cross-sectional study of 3 large cohorts: Nurses’ These findings again demonstrate that stone formation might be linked to common systemic diseases. Health Study I (older women), Nurses’ Health Study II (younger women), and the Health Professional Follow-up Study (men). At baseline, the multivariate relative risk of 44 VOL. 8 NO. 1 2006 REVIEWS IN UROLOGY Correlation Between LUTS (AUA-SS) and Erectile Dysfunction (SHIM) in an AgeMatched Racially Diverse Male Population: Data from the Prostate Cancer Awareness Week (PCAW) Barqawi A, O’Donnell C, Kumar R, et al. J Impot Res. 2005;17:370-374. rostate Cancer Awareness Week offers free or lowcost screening to men at hundreds of sites across the United States. In this report, an analysis of 6641 of these men included data on lower urinary tract symptoms P