Subject Index to Volume 4

INDEX Reviews in Urology Author Index to Volume 4 Appell, Rodney A. See Lai, H. Henry Assimos, Dean G. Reducing shock wave-induced renal injury. In: Best of the 2002 AUA Annual Meeting [Meeting Review]. 4(3):123. See Matlaga, Brian R. Badlani, Gopal See Shah, Darshan Belldegrun, Arie S. See Han, Ken-ryu See Perry, Kent See Wieder, Jeff A. Bishoff, Jay T. Laparoscopic radical nephrectomy: morcellate or leave intact? Definitely morcellate! 4(1):34–37. Boone, Timothy B. See Lai, H. Henry Brawer, Michael K. Radiation therapy failure in prostate cancer patients: risk factors and methods of detection. 4(suppl 2):S2–S11. See Kelloff, Gary J. See Meier, Robert Serum markers. In: Best of the 2002 AUA Annual Meeting [Meeting Review]. 4(3):125–126. Urology update from Jackson Hole [Meeting Review]. 4(2):78–86. Brawley, Otis W. The potential for prostate cancer chemoprevention. 4(suppl 5):S11–S17. Bui, Matthew H.T. See Han, Ken-ryu See Wieder, Jeff A. Campbell, Steven C. See Rubenstein, Jonathan N. Cannon, Tracy W. 72-year-old woman with urinary hesitancy and pelvic pain. 4(4):188–191. See Lu, Shing-Hwa Chancellor, Michael B. New frontiers in the treatment of overactive bladder and incontinence. 4(suppl 4):S50–S56. See Cannon, Tracy W. Ghafar, Mohamed A. See Katz, Aaron E. Gill, Inderbir S. See Kaouk, Jihad H. Goldfarb, David S. Reconsideration of the 1988 NIH consensus statement on prevention and treatment of kidney stones: are the recommendations out of date? 4(2):53–60. See Fraser, Matthew O. See Lee, Ji-Youl See Lu, Shing-Hwa See Smith, Christopher P. Gonzalez-Cadavid, Nestor See Rajfer, Jacob Chugh, Sumant See Rubenstein, Jonathan N. Gore, John L. See Slawin, Kevin M. Crawford, E. David See Kelloff, Gary J. Haddad, John L. See Weizer, Alon Z. Djavan, Bob See Remzi, Mesut See Steiner, Georg E. Dmochowski, Roger Interventions for detrusor overactivity: the case for multimodal therapy. 4(suppl 4):S19–S27. Donnelly, Bryan J. Salvage cryosurgery—how I do it. 4(suppl 2):S24–S29. Eggener, Scott E. See Rubenstein, Jonathan N. Han, Ken-ryu Renal cell carcinoma. In: Best of the 2002 AUA Annual Meeting [Meeting Review]. 4(3):131–133. Testicular microlithiasis, chemotherapy for stage I seminoma, and chemotherapy for advanced extragonadal germ cell tumors [Literature Review]. 4(4):200–202. Handisurya, Alessandra See Steiner, Georg E. Handler, Toby F. Incontinence in a child with a duplex kidney: case report. 4(1):44–48. Escudier, Susan See Weizer, Alon Z. Evans, Robert J. Treatment approaches for interstitial cystitis: multimodality therapy. 4(suppl 1):S16–S20. Forrest, John B. Economics of interstitial cystitis in clinical practice. 4(suppl 1):S44–S48. Fraser, Matthew O. The future of bladder control—intravesical drug delivery, a pinch of pepper, and gene therapy. 4(1):1–11. Freedland, Steve See Wieder, Jeff A. Freitas, Danielo G. See Han, Ken-ryu Canto, Eduardo I. See Slawin, Kevin M. Gann, Peter H. Risk factors for prostate cancer. 4(suppl 5):S3–S10. Carson, Culley C. Urological and medical evaluation of men with erectile dysfunction. 4(suppl 3):S2–S8. Garraway, Isla 26-year-old male with right scrotal pain and swelling. 4(1):43. Hanno, Philip M. Interstitial cystitis—epidemiology, diagnostic criteria, clinical markers. 4 (suppl 1):S3–S8. Higley, Howard R. See Kelloff, Gary J. Hu, Jim See Wieder, Jeff A. Janzen, Nicolette See Perry, Kent Kadmon, Dov Radiation therapy after radical prostatectomy: strike early, strike hard! The case for adjuvant radiation therapy. 4(2):87–89. Kaouk, Jihad H. Laparoscopic radical nephrectomy: morcellate or leave intact? Leave intact. 4(1):38–42. Kattan, Michael W. See Slawin, Kevin M. Katz, Aaron E. Selection of salvage cryotherapy patients. 4(suppl 2):S18–S23. VOL. 4 NO. 4 2002 REVIEWS IN UROLOGY 203 Author Index continued Meier, Robert Selecting treatment for high-risk, localized prostate cancer: the case for radiation therapy. 4(3):141–146. function. 4(suppl 3):S48–S53. Montague, Drogo K. Nonpharmacologic treatment of erectile dysfunction. 4(suppl 3):S9–S16. Prescribing PDE5 inhibitors: who is the “normal” man? [Literature Review]. 4(4):197–198. Kim, Edward See Slawin, Kevin M. Nath, Rahul K. See Slawin, Kevin M. See Garraway, Isla Klein, Eric A. Opportunities for prevention of prostate cancer: genetics, chemoprevention, and dietary intervention. 4(suppl 5):S18–S28. Newman, Martin See Steiner, Georg E. Kelloff, Gary J. Chemoprevention strategies in the prostate: an overview. 4(2):69–77. Khan, Masood A. Evolving role of pro-PSA as a new serum marker for the early detection of prostate cancer [Literature Review]. 4(4):198–200. Kramer, Gero See Steiner, Georg E. Nickel, J. Curtis Immunological based therapies for urinary tract infection: the future is almost here! [Literature Review]. 4(4):196–197. Kristo, Blaine See Palapattu, Ganesh S. Interstitial cystitis: characterization and management of an enigmatic urologic syndrome. 4(3):112–121. Lai, H. Henry Selecting a medical therapy for overactive bladder. 4(suppl 4):S28–S37. Prostatitis/chronic pelvic pain syndrome. 4(2):95–96. Recurrent uncomplicated urinary tract infections: can young women diagnose and treat themselves? [Literature Review]. 4(1):50–51. Lavelle, John P. See Fraser, Matthew O. Lee, Chung See Steiner, Georg E. Responses to and discussion of last issue’s case scenario: prostatitis/chronic pelvic pain syndrome. 4(3):154–156. Lee, Ji-Youl Using electrical stimulation for urinary incontinence [Literature Review]. 4(1):49–50. Update on prostatitis. In: Best of the 2002 AUA Annual Meeting [Meeting Review]. 4(3):123–125. Leng, Wendy See Cannon, Tracy W. Lepor, Herbert Assessing quality of life following radiotherapy [Literature Review]. 4(3):160–161. Nitti, Victor W. Clinical impact of overactive bladder. 4(suppl 4):S2–S6. Selecting treatment for high-risk, localized prostate cancer: the case for radical prostatectomy. 4(3):147–152. Palapattu, Ganesh S. Paraneoplastic syndromes in urologic malignancy: the many faces of renal cell carcinoma. 4(4):163–170. Surgical, pharmacological, and technological advances in adult and pediatric urology– state of the art [Meeting Review]. 4(1):24–33. Pantuck, Allan J. See Perry, Kent Liao, Joseph See Garraway, Isla Parsons, C. Lowell Interstitial cystitis and lower urinary tract symptoms in males and females—the combined role of potassium and epithelial dysfunction. 4(suppl 1):S49–S55. Lu, Shing-Hwa Antibiotic prophylaxis for urodynamics and estrogen therapy for urinary incontinence [Literature Review]. 4(3):159–160. Partin, Alan W. High-grade prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia on a prostate biopsy—what does it mean? [Literature Review]. 4(3):157–158. Lerner, Seth P. See Weizer, Alon Z. Screening algorithms for prostate cancer. In: Best of the 2002 AUA Annual Meeting [Meeting Review]. 4(3)133–135. Lucia, M. Scott See Kelloff, Gary J. Magee, Thomas See Rajfer, Jacob See Khan, Masood A. Perry, Kent Laparoscopic and percutaneous ablative techniques in the treatment of renal cell carcinoma. 4(3):103–111. Marberger, Michael See Remzi, Mesut See Steiner, Georg E. Matlaga, Brian R. The treatment of lower pole renal calculi in 2003. 4(4):178–184. McCullough, Andrew R. Four-year review of sildenafil citrate. 4(suppl 3):S26–S38. Optimizing the management of erectile dysfunction. 4(suppl 3):S1. 204 VOL. 4 NO. 4 2002 Peters, Kenneth M. Neuromodulation for the treatment of refractory interstitial cystitis. 4(suppl 1):S36–S43. Pins, Michael R. See Rubenstein, Jonathan N. Rajfer, Jacob Future strategies for treating erectile dys- REVIEWS IN UROLOGY Peyronie’s disease. In: Best of the 2002 AUA Annual Meeting [Meeting Review]. 4(3):135–136. See Palapattu, Ganesh S. Timing of sperm retrieval in ICSI-IVF [Literature Review]. 4(2):102. Remzi, Mesut Erectile dysfunction. In: Best of the 2002 AUA Annual Meeting [Meeting Review]. 4(3):136–139. Laparoscopic prostatectomy: where do we stand? 4(1):12–16. Roehrborn, Claus G. Benign prostatic hyperplasia: results from the MTOPS trial. In: Best of the 2002 AUA Annual Meeting [Meeting Review]. 4(3)127–131. Reducing the risk of benign prostatic hyperplasia progression. 4(suppl 5):S29–S38. Rosner, Karol See Rubenstein, Jonathan N. Rubenstein, Jonathan N. Juxtaglomerular apparatus tumor: a rare, surgically correctable cause of hypertension. 4(4):192–195. Rukstalis, Daniel B. Treatment options after failure of radiation therapy–a review. 4(suppl 2):S12–S17. Sacks, Michael S. See Fraser, Matthew O. Sadovsky, Richard The role of the primary care clinician in the management of erectile dysfunction. 4(suppl 3):S54–S63. Saliken, John C. See Donnelly, Bryan J. Sant, Grannum R. Etiology, pathogenesis, and diagnosis of interstitial cystitis. 4 (suppl 1):S9–S15. Schulam, Peter See Perry, Kent Shah, Darshan Treatment of overactive bladder and incontinence in the elderly. 4(suppl 4):S38–S43. Shapiro, Ellen Management alternatives for vesicoureteral reflux [Literature Review]. 4(2):100–101. Pediatric urology: injection therapy for vesicoureteral reflux. In: Best of the 2002 AUA Annual Meeting [Meeting Review]. 4(3):126–127. See Handler, Toby F. Updates in pediatric urology [Meeting Review]. 4(4):185–187. Shariat, Shahrokh, F. See Slawin, Kevin M. See Weizer, Alon Z. Author Index Sigman, Caroline C. See Kelloff, Gary J. Slawin, Kevin M. Radiation therapy after radical prostatectomy: why patience is a virtue! The case for salvage radiation therapy. 4(2):90–94. Sural nerve interposition grafting during radical prostatectomy. 4(1):17–23. Smith, Christopher P. Botulinum toxin: poisoning the spastic bladder and urethra. 4(2):61–68. Researchers use botulinum toxin A to treat overactive bladder. In: Best of the 2002 AUA Annual Meeting [Meeting Review]. 4(3):122–123. Somogyi, George T. See Smith, Christopher P. Steers, William D. Pathophysiology of overactive bladder and urge urinary incontinence. 4(suppl 4):S7–S18. Pharmacologic treatment of erectile dysfunction. 4(suppl 3):S17–S25. Stein, Richard A. Managing concomitant cardiac disease and erectile dysfunction. 4(suppl 3):S39–S47. Steiner, Georg E. The picture of the prostatic lymphokine network is becoming increasingly complex. 4(4):171–177. Teichman, Joel M.H. The role of pentosan polysulfate in treatment approaches for interstitial cystitis. 4(suppl 1):S21–S27. Voytas, John The role of geriatricians and family practi- tioners in the treatment of overactive bladder and incontinence. 4(suppl 4):S44–S49. Weizer, Alon Z. Metastatic transitional cell carcinoma of the urinary bladder to the shoulder girdle. 4(2):97–99. Wheeler, Thomas M. See Slawin, Kevin M. Whitmore, Kristene E. Complementary and alternative therapies as treatment approaches for interstitial cystitis. 4(suppl 1):S28–S35. Wieder, Jeff A. 69-year-old male with left spermatic cord mass. 4(3):153. See Han, Ken-ryu Zisman, Amnon See Perry, Kent VOL. 4 NO. 4 2002 REVIEWS IN UROLOGY 205 INDEX Reviews in Urology Subject Index to Volume 4 Acetylcholine Smith CP, Somogyi GT, Chancellor MB. Botulinum toxin: poisoning the spastic bladder and urethra. 4(2):61–68. Biopsy, post-radiation prostate Brawer MK. Radiation therapy failure in prostate cancer patients: risk factors and methods of detection. 4 (suppl 2):S2–S11. Acute urinary retention Roehrborn CG. Reducing the risk of benign prostatic hyperplasia progression. 4(suppl 5):S29–S38. Amitriptyline hydrochloride Evans RJ. Treatment approaches for interstitial cystitis: multimodality therapy. 4(suppl 1):S16–S20. Androgens Brawley OW. The potential for prostate cancer chemoprevention. 4(suppl 5):S11–S17. Anti-androgen monotherapy Brawer MK. Urology update from Jackson Hole [Meeting Review]. 4(2):78–86. Bladder Parsons CL. Interstitial cystitis and lower urinary tract symptoms in males and females–the combined role of potassium and epithelial dysfunction. 4(suppl 1):S49–S55. Antimuscarinic agents Lai HH, Boone TB, Appell RA. Selecting a medical therapy for overactive bladder. 4(suppl 4):S28–S37. Bladder, unstable Steers WD. Pathophysiology of overactive bladder and urge urinary incontinence. 4(suppl 4):S7–S18. Argon Katz AE, Ghafar MA. Selection of salvage cryotherapy patients. 4(suppl 2):S18–S23. Botulinum toxin A Best of the 2002 AUA Annual Meeting [Meeting Review]. 4(3):122–140. Bladder cancer Weizer AZ, Shariat SF, Haddad JL, et al. Metastatic transitional cell carcinoma of the urinary bladder to the shoulder girdle. 4(2):97–99. Bladder epithelium Teichman JMH. The role of pentosan polysulfate in treatment approaches for interstitial cystitis. 4(suppl 1):S21–S27. Benign prostatic hyperplasia Best of the 2002 AUA Annual Meeting [Meeting Review]. 4(3):122–140. Brachytherapy Lepor H. Assessing quality of life following radiotherapy [Literature Review]. 4(3):160–161. Roehrborn CG. Reducing the risk of benign prostatic hyperplasia progression. 4(suppl 5):S29–S38. Lepor H. Selecting treatment for high-risk, localized prostate cancer: the case for radical prostatectomy. 4(3):147–152. Steiner GE, Djavan B, Kramer G, et al. The picture of the prostatic lymphokine network is becoming increasingly complex. 4(4):171–177. Meier R, Brawer MK. Selecting treatment for high-risk, localized prostate cancer: the case for radiation therapy. 4(3):141–146. Biochemical disease-free outcome Meier R, Brawer MK. Selecting treatment for high-risk, localized prostate cancer: the case for radiation therapy. 4(3):141–146. Biofeedback Dmochowski R. Interventions for detrusor overactivity: the case for multimodal therapy. 4(suppl 4):S19–S27. Biomarkers Kelloff GJ, Higley HR, Brawer MK, et al. Chemoprevention strategies in the prostate: an overview. 4(2):69–77. 206 VOL. 4 NO. 4 2002 Calculi Matlaga BR, Assimos DG. The treatment of lower pole renal calculi in 2003. 4(4):178–184. Cardiovascular disease McCullough AR. Four-year review of sildenafil citrate. 4(suppl 3):S26–S38. Stein RA. Managing concomitant cardiac disease and erectile dysfunction. 4(suppl 3):S39–S47. Cavernosal nerve reconstruction Slawin KM, Canto EI, Shahrokh SF, et al. Sural nerve interposition grafting during radical prostatectomy. 4(1):17–23. REVIEWS IN UROLOGY Cavernous nerves Steers WD. Pharmacologic treatment of erectile dysfunction. 4(suppl 3):S17–S25. Chemoprevention Brawley OW. The potential for prostate cancer chemoprevention. 4(suppl 5):S11–S17. Kelloff GJ, Higley HR, Brawer MK, et al. Chemoprevention strategies in the prostate: an overview. 4(2):69–77. Klein EA. Opportunities for prevention of prostate cancer: genetics, chemoprevention, and dietary intervention. 4(suppl 5):S18–S28. Chronic pelvic pain Sant GR. Etiology, pathogenesis, and diagnosis of interstitial cystitis. 4 (suppl 1):S9–S15. Chronic pelvic pain syndrome Best of the 2002 AUA Annual Meeting [Meeting Review]. 4(3):122–140. Nickel JC. Interstitial cystitis: characterization and management of an enigmatic urologic syndrome. 4(3):112–121. Nickel JC. Prostatitis/chronic pelvic pain syndrome. 4(2):95–96. Nickel JC. Responses to and discussion of last issue’s case scenario: prostatitis/chronic pelvic pain syndrome. 4(3):154–156. Citrates Goldfarb DS. Reconsideration of the 1988 NIH consensus statement on prevention and treatment of kidney stones: are the recommendations out of date? 4(2):53–60. Clinical markers Hanno PM. Interstitial cystitis—epidemiology, diagnostic criteria, clinical markers. 4(suppl 1):S3–S8. Clinical trial design Kelloff GJ, Higley HR, Brawer MK, et al. Chemoprevention strategies in the prostate: an overview. 4(2):69–77. Coitus Stein RA. Managing concomitant cardiac disease and erectile dysfunction. 4(suppl 3):S39–S47. Corpus cavernosum Steers WD. Pharmacologic treatment of erectile dysfunction. 4(suppl 3):S17–S25. Cryoablation Donnelly BJ, Saliken JC. Salvage cryosurgery—how I do it. 4(suppl 2):S24–S29. Subject Index Perry K, Zisman A, Pantuck AJ, et al. Laparoscopic and percutaneous ablative techniques in the treatment of renal cell carcinoma. 4(3):103–111. Cryosurgery Best of the 2002 AUA Annual Meeting [Meeting Review]. 4(3):122–140. Katz AE, Ghafar MA. Selection of salvage cryotherapy patients. 4(suppl 2):S18–S23. Cryptorchidism Shapiro E. Updates in pediatric urology [Meeting Review]. 4(4):185–187. Current procedural terminology codes Forrest JB. Economics of interstitial cystitis in clinical practice. 4(suppl 1):S44–S48. Cyclic guanosine monophosphate McCullough AR. Four-year review of sildenafil citrate. 4(suppl 3):S26–S38. Rajfer J, Magee T, Gonzalez-Cadavid N. Future strategies for treating erectile dysfunction. 4(suppl 3):S48–S53. Cystitis Nickel JC. Interstitial cystitis: characterization and management of an enigmatic urologic syndrome. 4(3):112–121. Detrusor external sphincter dyssynergia Smith CP, Somogyi GT, Chancellor MB. Botulinum toxin: poisoning the spastic bladder and urethra. 4(2):61–68. Detrusor hyperreflexia Smith CP, Somogyi GT, Chancellor MB. Botulinum toxin: poisoning the spastic bladder and urethra. 4(2):61–68. Diabetes McCullough AR. Four-year review of sildenafil citrate. 4(suppl 3):S26–S38. Dietary modification Whitmore KE. Complementary and alternative therapies as treatment approaches for interstitial cystitis. 4(suppl 1):S28–S35. Dietary supplementation Klein EA. Opportunities for prevention of prostate cancer: genetics, chemoprevention, and dietary intervention. 4(suppl 5):S18–S28. tion of men with erectile dysfunction. 4(suppl 3):S2–S8. Duplex kidney Handler TF, Shapiro E. Incontinence in a child with a duplex kidney: case report. 4(1):44–48. Dutasteride Best of the 2002 AUA Annual Meeting [Meeting Review]. 4(3):122–140. Dyspareunia Parsons CL. Interstitial cystitis and lower urinary tract symptoms in males and females– the combined role of potassium and epithelial dysfunction. 4(suppl 1):S49–S55. Early detection Rukstalis DB. Treatment options after failure of radiation therapy—a review. 4(suppl 2):S12–S17. Ectopic ureter Handler TF, Shapiro E. Incontinence in a child with a duplex kidney: case report. 4(1):44–48. Electrical stimulation Lee J-Y, Chancellor MB. Using electrical stimulation for urinary incontinence [Literature Review]. 4(1):49–50. Endoscopy Matlaga BR, Assimos DG. The treatment of lower pole renal calculi in 2003. 4(4):178–184. Epidemiology Gann PH. Risk factors for prostate cancer. 4(suppl 5):S3–S10. Nitti VW. Clinical impact of overactive bladder. 4(suppl 4):S2–S6. Epithelial dysfunction Parsons CL. Interstitial cystitis and lower urinary tract symptoms in males and females– the combined role of potassium and epithelial dysfunction. 4(suppl 1):S49–S55. Sant GR. Etiology, pathogenesis, and diagnosis of interstitial cystitis. 4(suppl 1):S9–S15. Digital rectal examination Best of the 2002 AUA Annual Meeting [Meeting Review]. 4(3):122–140. Erectile dysfunction Best of the 2002 AUA Annual Meeting [Meeting Review]. 4(3):122–140. Brawer MK. Radiation therapy failure in prostate cancer patients: risk factors and methods of detection. 4 (suppl 2):S2–S11. Carson CC. Urological and medical evaluation of men with erectile dysfunction. 4(suppl 3):S2–S8. Drug absorption Fraser MO, Lavelle JP, Sacks MS, Chancellor MB. The future of bladder control—intravesical drug delivery, a pinch of pepper, and gene therapy. 4(1):1–11. Drug delivery systems Lai HH, Boone TB, Appell RA. Selecting a medical therapy for overactive bladder. 4(suppl 4):S28–S37. Duloxetine Chancellor MB. New frontiers in the treatment of overactive bladder and incontinence. 4(suppl 4):S50–S56. Duplex Doppler ultrasonography Carson CC. Urological and medical evalua- Rajfer J. Prescribing PDE5 inhibitors: who is the “normal” man? [Literature Review]. 4(4):197–198. Rajfer J, Magee T, Gonzalez-Cadavid N. Future strategies for treating erectile dysfunction. 4(suppl 3):S48–S53. Sadovsky R. The role of the primary care clinician in the management of erectile dysfunction. 4(suppl 3):S54–S63. Steers WD. Pharmacologic treatment of erectile dysfunction. 4(suppl 3):S17–S25. Stein RA. Managing concomitant cardiac disease and erectile dysfunction. 4(suppl 3):S39–S47. Estrogen therapy Lu SH, Cannon TW, Chancellor MB. Antibiotic prophylaxis for urodynamics and estrogen therapy for urinary incontinence [Literature Review]. 4(3):159–160. Evaluation and management codes Forrest JB. Economics of interstitial cystitis in clinical practice. 4(suppl 1):S44–S48. Extracorporeal shock wave therapy Best of the 2002 AUA Annual Meeting [Meeting Review]. 4(3):122–140. Failed radiation Katz AE, Ghafar, MA. Selection of salvage cryotherapy patients. 4(suppl 2):S18–S23. Finasteride Best of the 2002 AUA Annual Meeting [Meeting Review]. 4(3):122–140. Brawley OW. The potential for prostate cancer chemoprevention. 4(suppl 5):S11–S17. Roehrborn CG. Reducing the risk of benign prostatic hyperplasia progression. 4(suppl 5):S29–S38. 5--reductase inhibitors Brawley OW. The potential for prostate cancer chemoprevention. 4(suppl 5):S11–S17. Roehrborn CG. Reducing the risk of benign prostatic hyperplasia progression. 4(suppl 5):S29–S38. Frequency Nickel JC. Interstitial cystitis: characterization and management of an enigmatic urologic syndrome. 4(3):112–121. Steers WD. Pathophysiology of overactive bladder and urge urinary incontinence. 4(suppl 4):S7–S18. Gene therapy Rajfer J, Magee T, Gonzalez-Cadavid N. Future strategies for treating erectile dysfunction. 4(suppl 3):S48–S53. Genetics Klein EA. Opportunities for prevention of prostate cancer: genetics, chemoprevention, and dietary intervention. 4(suppl 5):S18–S28. Geriatrics Shah D, Badlani G. Treatment of overactive bladder and incontinence in the elderly. 4(suppl 4):S38–S43. Voytas J. The role of geriatricians and family practitioners in the treatment of overactive bladder and incontinence. 4(suppl 4):S44–S49. Gleason score Best of the 2002 AUA Annual Meeting [Meeting Review]. 4(3):122–140. Brawer MK. Radiation therapy failure in prostate cancer patients: risk factors and methods of detection. 4(suppl 2):S2–S11. Donnelly BJ, Saliken JC. Salvage cryosurgery—how I do it. 4(suppl 2):S24–S29. Meier R, Brawer MK. Selecting treatment for high-risk, localized prostate cancer: the case for radiation therapy. 4(3):141–146. Glomerulations Hanno PM. Interstitial cystitis—epidemiology, VOL. 4 NO. 4 2002 REVIEWS IN UROLOGY 207 Subject Index continued picture of the prostatic lymphokine network is becoming increasingly complex. 4(4):171–177. diagnostic criteria, clinical markers. 4(suppl 1):S3–S8. High-intensity focused ultrasound Perry K, Zisman A, Pantuck AJ, et al. Laparoscopic and percutaneous ablative techniques in the treatment of renal cell carcinoma. 4(3):103–111. Hydroxyzine hydrochloride Evans RJ. Treatment approaches for interstitial cystitis: multimodality therapy. 4(suppl 1):S16–S20. Hyperreninism Rubenstein, JN, Eggener SE, Pins MR, et al. Juxtaglomerular apparatus tumor: a rare, surgically correctable cause of hypertension. 4(4):192–195. Interleukin Steiner GE, Djavan B, Kramer G, et al. The picture of the prostatic lymphokine network is becoming increasingly complex. 4(4):171–177. Interstitial cystitis Evans RJ. Treatment approaches for interstitial cystitis: multimodality therapy. 4(suppl 1):S16–S20. Forrest JB. Economics of interstitial cystitis in clinical practice. 4(suppl 1):S44–S48. Hanno PM. Interstitial cystitis—epidemiology, diagnostic criteria, clinical markers. 4(suppl 1):S3–S8. Hypertension McCullough AR. Four-year review of sildenafil citrate. 4(suppl 3):S26–S38. Nickel JC. Interstitial cystitis: characterization and management of an enigmatic urologic syndrome. 4(3):112–121. Hypertension, accelerated Rubenstein, JN, Eggener SE, Pins MR, et al. Juxtaglomerular apparatus tumor: a rare, surgically correctable cause of hypertension. 4(4):192–195. Parsons CL. Interstitial cystitis and lower urinary tract symptoms in males and females– the combined role of potassium and epithelial dysfunction. 4(suppl 1):S49–S55. Peters KM. Neuromodulation for the treatment of refractory interstitial cystitis. 4(suppl 1):S36–S43. Hypogonadism Carson CC. Urological and medical evaluation of men with erectile dysfunction. 4(suppl 3):S2–S8. Sant GR. Etiology, pathogenesis, and diagnosis of interstitial cystitis. 4(suppl 1):S9–S15. Impotence Montague DK. Nonpharmacologic treatment of erectile dysfunction. 4(suppl 3):S9–S16. Teichman JMH. The role of pentosan polysulfate in treatment approaches for interstitial cystitis. 4(suppl 1):S21–S27. Incontinence Brawer MK. Urology update from Jackson Hole [Meeting Review]. 4(2):78–86. Chancellor MB. New frontiers in the treatment of overactive bladder and incontinence. 4(suppl 4):S50–S56. Lu SH, Cannon TW, Chancellor MB. Antibiotic prophylaxis for urodynamics and estrogen therapy for urinary incontinence [Literature Review]. 4(3):159–160. Nitti VW. Clinical impact of overactive bladder. 4(suppl 4):S2–S6. Shapiro E. Updates in pediatric urology [Meeting Review]. 4(4):185–187. Steers WD. Pathophysiology of overactive bladder and urge urinary incontinence. 4(suppl 4):S7–S18. Infertility Rajfer J. Timing of sperm retrieval in ICSIIVF [Literature Review]. 4(2):102. Infertility, treatments, cost/benefit Brawer MK. Urology update from Jackson Hole [Meeting Review]. 4(2):78–86. Injection therapy Best of the 2002 AUA Annual Meeting [Meeting Review]. 4(3):122–140. Instability Steers WD. Pathophysiology of overactive bladder and urge urinary incontinence. 4(suppl 4):S7–S18. Interferon- Steiner GE, Djavan B, Kramer G, et al. The 208 VOL. 4 NO. 4 2002 Whitmore KE. Complementary and alternative therapies as treatment approaches for interstitial cystitis. 4(suppl 1):S28–S35. Intracytoplasmic sperm injection Rajfer J. Timing of sperm retrieval in ICSIIVF [Literature Review]. 4(2):102. Intravesical vallinoid therapies Fraser MO, Lavelle JP, Sacks MS, Chancellor MB. The future of bladder control—intravesical drug delivery, a pinch of pepper, and gene therapy. 4(1):1–11. In-vitro fertilization Rajfer J. Timing of sperm retrieval in ICSIIVF [Literature Review]. 4(2):102. Juxtaglomerular apparatus tumor Rubenstein, JN, Eggener SE, Pins MR, et al. Juxtaglomerular apparatus tumor: a rare, surgically correctable cause of hypertension. 4(4):192–195. Kidney Matlaga BR, Assimos DG. The treatment of lower pole renal calculi in 2003. 4(4):178–184. Kidney calculi/diet therapy Goldfarb DS. Reconsideration of the 1988 NIH consensus statement on prevention and treatment of kidney stones: are the recommendations out of date? 4(2):53–60. Kidney calculi/drug therapy Goldfarb DS. Reconsideration of the 1988 NIH consensus statement on prevention and treatment of kidney stones: are the rec- REVIEWS IN UROLOGY ommendations out of date? 4(2):53–60. Kidney cancer Palapattu GS, Kristo B, Rajfer J. Paraneoplastic syndromes in urologic malignancy: the many faces of renal cell carcinoma. 4(4):163–170. Laparoscopy Kaouk JH, Gill IS. Laparoscopic radical nephrectomy: morcellate or leave intact? Leave intact. 4(1):38–42. Perry K, Zisman A, Pantuck AJ, et al. Laparoscopic and percutaneous ablative techniques in the treatment of renal cell carcinoma. 4(3):103–111. Remzi M, Djavan B. Laparoscopic prostatectomy: where do we stand? 4(1):12–16. Leukocyte Steiner GE, Djavan B, Kramer G, et al. The picture of the prostatic lymphokine network is becoming increasingly complex. 4(4):171–177. Lithotripsy Matlaga BR, Assimos DG. The treatment of lower pole renal calculi in 2003. 4(4):178–184. Low libido Carson CC. Urological and medical evaluation of men with erectile dysfunction. 4(suppl 3):S2–S8. Lower urinary tract symptoms Roehrborn CG. Reducing the risk of benign prostatic hyperplasia progression. 4(suppl 5):S29–S38. Magnetic resonance imaging Lepor H. Surgical, pharmacological, and technological advances in adult and pediatric urology–state of the art [Meeting Review]. 4(1):24–33. Mast cells Sant GR. Etiology, pathogenesis, and diagnosis of interstitial cystitis. 4 (suppl 1):S9–S15. Metastasis Weizer AZ, Shariat SF, Haddad JL, et al. Metastatic transitional cell carcinoma of the urinary bladder to the shoulder girdle. 4(2):97–99. Micturition Steers WD. Pathophysiology of overactive bladder and urge urinary incontinence. 4(suppl 4):S7–S18. Morcellation Bishoff JT. Laparoscopic radical nephrectomy: morcellate or leave intact? Definitely morcellate! 4(1):34–37. Kaouk JH, Gill IS. Laparoscopic radical nephrectomy: morcellate or leave intact? Leave intact. 4(1):38–42. MTOPS trial Best of the 2002 AUA Annual Meeting [Meeting Review]. 4(3):122–140. Multimodality therapy Evans RJ. Treatment approaches for interstitial cystitis: multimodality therapy. 4(suppl 1):S16–S20. Myocardial infarction Stein RA. Managing concomitant cardiac Subject Index disease and erectile dysfunction. 4(suppl 3):S39–S47. Nephrectomy Bishoff JT. Laparoscopic radical nephrectomy: morcellate or leave intact? Definitely morcellate! 4(1):34–37. Kaouk JH, Gill IS. Laparoscopic radical nephrectomy: morcellate or leave intact? Leave intact. 4(1):38–42. Nephrectomy, laparoscopic radical Bishoff JT. Laparoscopic radical nephrectomy: morcellate or leave intact? Definitely morcellate! 4(1):34–37. Kaouk JH, Gill IS. Laparoscopic radical nephrectomy: morcellate or leave intact? Leave intact. 4(1):38–42. Nocturnal penile tumescence monitoring Carson CC. Urological and medical evaluation of men with erectile dysfunction. 4(suppl 3):S2–S8. Non–nerve-sparing surgery Slawin KM, Canto EI, Shahrokh SF, et al. Sural nerve interposition grafting during radical prostatectomy. 4(1):17–23. Nutraceuticals Whitmore KE. Complementary and alternative therapies as treatment approaches for interstitial cystitis. 4(suppl 1):S28–S35. Overactive bladder Best of the 2002 AUA Annual Meeting [Meeting Review]. 4(3):122–140. Peters KM. Neuromodulation for the treatment of refractory interstitial cystitis. 4(suppl 1):S36–S43. Penile prosthesis Montague DK. Nonpharmacologic treatment of erectile dysfunction. 4(suppl 3):S9–S16. Penile vascular surgery Montague DK. Nonpharmacologic treatment of erectile dysfunction. 4(suppl 3):S9–S16. Penis Steers WD. Pharmacologic treatment of erectile dysfunction. 4(suppl 3):S17–S25. Pentosan polysulfate Evans RJ. Treatment approaches for interstitial cystitis: multimodality therapy. 4(suppl 1):S16–S20. Nephrectomy, radical Best of the 2002 AUA Annual Meeting [Meeting Review]. 4(3):122–140. Fraser MO, Lavelle JP, Sacks MS, Chancellor MB. The future of bladder control—intravesical drug delivery, a pinch of pepper, and gene therapy. 4(1):1–11. Nephrolithiasis Best of the 2002 AUA Annual Meeting [Meeting Review]. 4(3):122–140. Lai HH, Boone TB, Appell RA. Selecting a medical therapy for overactive bladder. 4(suppl 4):S28–S37. Peyronie’s disease Best of the 2002 AUA Annual Meeting [Meeting Review]. 4(3):122–140. Nephron-sparing surgery Best of the 2002 AUA Annual Meeting [Meeting Review]. 4(3):122–140. Lepor H. Surgical, pharmacological, and technological advances in adult and pediatric urology–state of the art [Meeting Review]. 4(1):24–33. Pharmacology Chancellor MB. New frontiers in the treatment of overactive bladder and incontinence. 4(suppl 4):S50–S56. Nitti VW. Clinical impact of overactive bladder. 4(suppl 4):S2–S6. Pharmacotherapy Dmochowski R. Interventions for detrusor overactivity: the case for multimodal therapy. 4(suppl 4):S19–S27. Nerve-sparing surgery Slawin KM, Canto EI, Shahrokh SF, et al. Sural nerve interposition grafting during radical prostatectomy. 4(1):17–23. Neurogenic bladder Chancellor MB. New frontiers in the treatment of overactive bladder and incontinence. 4(suppl 4):S50–S56. Neurogenic inflammation Sant GR. Etiology, pathogenesis, and diagnosis of interstitial cystitis. 4 (suppl 1):S9–S15. Neuromodulation Dmochowski R. Interventions for detrusor overactivity: the case for multimodal therapy. 4(suppl 4):S19–S27. Peters KM. Neuromodulation for the treatment of refractory interstitial cystitis. 4(suppl 1):S36–S43. Whitmore KE. Complementary and alternative therapies as treatment approaches for interstitial cystitis. 4(suppl 1):S28–S35. Neurovascular bundle resection Slawin KM, Canto EI, Shahrokh SF, et al. Sural nerve interposition grafting during radical prostatectomy. 4(1):17–23. NIH–NIDDK Sant GR. Etiology, pathogenesis, and diagnosis of interstitial cystitis. 4 (suppl 1):S9–S15. Nitric oxide McCullough AR. Four-year review of sildenafil citrate. 4(suppl 3):S26–S38. Rajfer J, Magee T, Gonzalez-Cadavid N. Future strategies for treating erectile dysfunction. 4(suppl 3):S48–S53. Nocturia Nitti VW. Clinical impact of overactive bladder. 4(suppl 4):S2–S6. Shah D, Badlani G. Treatment of overactive bladder and incontinence in the elderly. 4(suppl 4):S38–S43. Smith CP, Somogyi GT, Chancellor MB. Botulinum toxin: poisoning the spastic bladder and urethra. 4(2):61–68. Voytas J. The role of geriatricians and family practitioners in the treatment of overactive bladder and incontinence. 4(suppl 4):S44–S49. Oxalates Goldfarb DS. Reconsideration of the 1988 NIH consensus statement on prevention and treatment of kidney stones: are the recommendations out of date? 4(2):53–60. Paraneoplastic syndrome Palapattu GS, Kristo B, Rajfer J. Paraneoplastic syndromes in urologic malignancy: the many faces of renal cell carcinoma. 4(4):163–170. Pathophysiology Smith CP, Somogyi GT, Chancellor MB. Botulinum toxin: poisoning the spastic bladder and urethra. 4(2):61–68. Pediatric urology Shapiro E. Management alternatives for vesicoureteral reflux [Literature Review]. 4(2):100–101. Pelvic pain Cannon TW, Leng W, Chancellor MB. 72year-old woman with urinary hesitancy and pelvic pain. 4(4):188–191. Parsons CL. Interstitial cystitis and lower urinary tract symptoms in males and females–the combined role of potassium and epithelial dysfunction. 4(suppl 1):S49–S55. Teichman JMH. The role of pentosan polysulfate in treatment approaches for interstitial cystitis. 4(suppl 1):S21–S27. Phosphodiesterase-5 inhibitor McCullough AR. Four-year review of sildenafil citrate. 4(suppl 3):S26–S38. Rajfer J. Prescribing PDE5 inhibitors: who is the “normal” man? [Literature Review]. 4(4):197–198. Physiotherapy Dmochowski R. Interventions for detrusor overactivity: the case for multimodal therapy. 4(suppl 4):S19–S27. Positive surgical margins Kadmon D. Radiation therapy after radical prostatectomy: strike early, strike hard! The case for adjuvant radiation therapy. 4(2):87–89. Potassium chloride test Teichman JMH. The role of pentosan polysulfate in treatment approaches for interstitial cystitis. 4(suppl 1):S21–S27. Potassium sensitivity test Parsons CL. Interstitial cystitis and lower urinary tract symptoms in males and females– the combined role of potassium and epithelial dysfunction. 4(suppl 1):S49–S55. Sant GR. Etiology, pathogenesis, and diagnosis of interstitial cystitis. 4(suppl 1):S9–S15. Prevention Klein EA. Opportunities for prevention of prostate cancer: genetics, chemoprevention, and dietary intervention. 4(suppl 5):S18–S28. Primary care clinician Sadovsky R. The role of the primary care clinician in the management of erectile dysfunction. 4(suppl 3):S54–S63. VOL. 4 NO. 4 2002 REVIEWS IN UROLOGY 209 Subject Index continued Pro-inflammatory cytokine Steiner GE, Djavan B, Kramer G, et al. The picture of the prostatic lymphokine network is becoming increasingly complex. 4(4):171–177. Hole [Meeting Review]. 4(2):78–86. Prostate Katz AE, Ghafar MA. Selection of salvage cryotherapy patients. 4(suppl 2):S18–S23. Lepor H. Selecting treatment for high-risk, localized prostate cancer: the case for radical prostatectomy. 4(3):147–152. Prostate biopsy Best of the 2002 AUA Annual Meeting [Meeting Review]. 4(3):122–140. Meier R, Brawer MK. Selecting treatment for high-risk, localized prostate cancer: the case for radiation therapy. 4(3):141–146. Partin AW. High-grade prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia on a prostate biopsy– what does it mean? [Literature Review]. 4(3):157–158. Remzi M, Djavan B. Laparoscopic prostatectomy: where do we stand? 4(1):12–16. Prostate cancer Best of the 2002 AUA Annual Meeting [Meeting Review]. 4(3):122–140. Brawer MK. Radiation therapy failure in prostate cancer patients: risk factors and methods of detection. 4(suppl 2):S2–S11. Kadmon D. Radiation therapy after radical prostatectomy: strike early, strike hard! The case for adjuvant radiation therapy. 4(2):87–89. Slawin KM, Canto EI, Shahrokh SF, et al. Sural nerve interposition grafting during radical prostatectomy. 4(1):17–23. Prostate-specific antigen Best of the 2002 AUA Annual Meeting [Meeting Review]. 4(3):122–140. Brawer MK. Radiation therapy failure in prostate cancer patients: risk factors and methods of detection. 4 (suppl 2):S2–S11. Brawer MK. Urology update from Jackson Hole [Meeting Review]. 4(2):78–86. Khan MA, Partin AW. Evolving role of proPSA as a new serum marker for the early detection of prostate cancer [Literature Review]. 4(4):198–199. Brawley OW. The potential for prostate cancer chemoprevention. 4(suppl 5):S11–S17. Kadmon D. Radiation therapy after radical prostatectomy: strike early, strike hard! The case for adjuvant radiation therapy. 4(2):87–89. Slawin KM. Radiation therapy after radical prostatectomy: why patience is a virtue! The case for salvage radiation therapy. 4(2):90–94. Khan MA, Partin AW. Evolving role of proPSA as a new serum marker for the early detection of prostate cancer [Literature Review]. 4(4):198–200. Prostatic acid phosphatase Donnelly BJ, Saliken JC. Salvage cryosurgery—how I do it. 4(suppl 2):S24–S29. Klein EA. Opportunities for prevention of prostate cancer: genetics, chemoprevention, and dietary intervention. 4(suppl 5):S18–S28. Prostatic fossa biopsy Slawin KM. Radiation therapy after radical prostatectomy: why patience is a virtue! The case for salvage radiation therapy. 4(2):90–94. Lepor H. Assessing quality of life following radiotherapy [Literature Review]. 4(3):160–161. Prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia Partin AW. High-grade prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia on a prostate biopsy–what does it mean? [Literature Review]. 4(3):157–158. Lepor H. Selecting treatment for high-risk, localized prostate cancer: the case for radical prostatectomy. 4(3):147–152. Lepor H. Surgical, pharmacological, and technological advances in adult and pediatric urology–state of the art [Meeting Review]. 4(1):24–33. Meier R, Brawer MK. Selecting treatment for high-risk, localized prostate cancer: the case for radiation therapy. 4(3):141–146. Prostatic neoplasms Gann PH. Risk factors for prostate cancer. 4(suppl 5):S3–S10. Prostatitis Best of the 2002 AUA Annual Meeting [Meeting Review]. 4(3):122–140. Partin AW. High-grade prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia on a prostate biopsy–what does it mean? [Literature Review]. 4(3):157–158. Remzi M, Djavan B. Laparoscopic prostatectomy: where do we stand? 4(1):12–16. Slawin KM. Radiation therapy after radical prostatectomy: why patience is a virtue! The case for salvage radiation therapy. 4(2):90–94. Prostate cancer, radiorecurrent Rukstalis DB. Treatment options after failure of radiation therapy–a review. 4(suppl 2):S12–S17. Prostatectomy Brawer MK. Urology update from Jackson 210 VOL. 4 NO. 4 2002 REVIEWS IN UROLOGY Hanno PM. Interstitial cystitis—epidemiology, diagnostic criteria, clinical markers. 4(suppl 1):S3–S8. Nickel JC. Prostatitis/chronic pelvic pain syndrome. 4(2):95–96. Nickel JC. Responses to and discussion of last issue’s case scenario: prostatitis/chronic pelvic pain syndrome. 4(3):154–156. Parsons CL. Interstitial cystitis and lower urinary tract symptoms in males and females–the combined role of potassium and epithelial dysfunction. 4(suppl 1):S49–S55. Steiner GE, Djavan B, Kramer G, et al. The picture of the prostatic lymphokine network is becoming increasingly complex. 4(4):171–177. Quality of life Lepor H. Assessing quality of life following radiotherapy [Literature Review]. 4(3):160–161. Nitti VW. Clinical impact of overactive bladder. 4(suppl 4):S2–S6. Radiation failure Donnelly BJ, Saliken JC. Salvage cryosurgery—how I do it. 4(suppl 2):S24–S29. Radiation therapy Lepor H. Selecting treatment for high-risk, localized prostate cancer: the case for radical prostatectomy. 4(3):147–152. Radical nephrectomy, laparoscopic Kaouk JH, Gill IS. Laparoscopic radical nephrectomy: morcellate or leave intact? Leave intact. 4(1):38–42. Radiofrequency ablation Best of the 2002 AUA Annual Meeting [Meeting Review]. 4(3):122–140. Perry K, Zisman A, Pantuck AJ, et al. Laparoscopic and percutaneous ablative techniques in the treatment of renal cell carcinoma. 4(3):103–111. Radiotherapy Kadmon D. Radiation therapy after radical prostatectomy: strike early, strike hard! The case for adjuvant radiation therapy. 4(2):87–89. Meier R, Brawer MK. Selecting treatment for high-risk, localized prostate cancer: the case for radiation therapy. 4(3):141–146. Slawin KM. Radiation therapy after radical prostatectomy: why patience is a virtue! The case for salvage radiation therapy. 4(2):90–94. Refractory detrusor instability Lepor H. Surgical, pharmacological, and technological advances in adult and pediatric urology–state of the art [Meeting Review]. 4(1):24–33. Renal cell carcinoma Best of the 2002 AUA Annual Meeting [Meeting Review]. 4(3):122–140. Bishoff JT. Laparoscopic radical nephrectomy: morcellate or leave intact? Definitely morcellate! 4(1):34–37. Kaouk JH, Gill IS. Laparoscopic radical nephrectomy: morcellate or leave intact? Leave intact. 4(1):38–42. Palapattu GS, Kristo B, Rajfer J. Paraneoplastic syndromes in urologic malignancy: the many faces of renal cell carcinoma. 4(4):163–170. Perry K, Zisman A, Pantuck AJ, et al. Laparoscopic and percutaneous ablative techniques in the treatment of renal cell carcinoma. 4(3):103–111. Renal imaging Lepor H. Surgical, pharmacological, and technological advances in adult and pediatric urology–state of the art [Meeting Review]. 4(1):24–33. Risk factors Gann PH. Risk factors for prostate cancer. 4(suppl 5):S3–S10. Sacral nerve Peters KM. Neuromodulation for the treat- Subject Index ment of refractory interstitial cystitis. 4(suppl 1):S36–S43. Salvage therapy Rukstalis DB. Treatment options after failure of radiation therapy–a review. 4(suppl 2):S12–S17. Serum marker Best of the 2002 AUA Annual Meeting [Meeting Review]. 4(3):122–140. Sex therapy Montague DK. Nonpharmacologic treatment of erectile dysfunction. 4(suppl 3):S9–S16. Sadovsky R. The role of the primary care clinician in the management of erectile dysfunction. 4(suppl 3):S54–S63. Whitmore KE. Complementary and alternative therapies as treatment approaches for interstitial cystitis. 4(suppl 1):S28–S35. Sexual dysfunction Lepor H. Surgical, pharmacological, and technological advances in adult and pediatric urology–state of the art [Meeting Review]. 4(1):24–33. Sexual health Sadovsky R. The role of the primary care clinician in the management of erectile dysfunction. 4(suppl 3):S54–S63. Shock wave lithotripsy Best of the 2002 AUA Annual Meeting [Meeting Review]. 4(3):122–140. Shoulder Weizer AZ, Shariat SF, Haddad JL, et al. Metastatic transitional cell carcinoma of the urinary bladder to the shoulder girdle. 4(2):97–99. Sildenafil Best of the 2002 AUA Annual Meeting [Meeting Review]. 4(3):122–140. McCullough AR. Four-year review of sildenafil citrate. 4(suppl 3):S26–S38. Rajfer J, Magee T, Gonzalez-Cadavid N. Future strategies for treating erectile dysfunction. 4(suppl 3):S48–S53. Stein RA. Managing concomitant cardiac disease and erectile dysfunction. 4(suppl 3):S39–S47. Sling procedure Lepor H. Surgical, pharmacological, and technological advances in adult and pediatric urology–state of the art [Meeting Review]. 4(1):24–33. Smooth muscle Rajfer J, Magee T, Gonzalez-Cadavid N. Future strategies for treating erectile dysfunction. 4(suppl 3):S48–S53. Steers WD. Pharmacologic treatment of erectile dysfunction. 4(suppl 3):S17–S25. Spinal cord injury Smith CP, Somogyi GT, Chancellor MB. Botulinum toxin: poisoning the spastic bladder and urethra. 4(2):61–68. Stress incontinence Lepor H. Surgical, pharmacological, and technological advances in adult and pediatric urology–state of the art [Meeting [Literature Review]. 4(1):49–50. Review]. 4(1):24–33. Stress reduction Whitmore KE. Complementary and alternative therapies as treatment approaches for interstitial cystitis. 4(suppl 1):S28–S35. Shah D, Badlani G. Treatment of overactive bladder and incontinence in the elderly. 4(suppl 4):S38–S43. Substance P Sant GR. Etiology, pathogenesis, and diagnosis of interstitial cystitis. 4(suppl 1):S9–S15. Voytas J. The role of geriatricians and family practitioners in the treatment of overactive bladder and incontinence. 4(suppl 4):S44–S49. Sural nerve grafting Slawin KM, Canto EI, Shahrokh SF, et al. Sural nerve interposition grafting during radical prostatectomy. 4(1):17–23. Urinary incontinence, childhood Handler TF, Shapiro E. Incontinence in a child with a duplex kidney: case report. 4(1):44–48. Surgery Dmochowski R. Interventions for detrusor overactivity: the case for multimodal therapy. 4(suppl 4):S19–S27. Urinary tract infection Lu SH, Cannon TW, Chancellor MB. Antibiotic prophylaxis for urodynamics and estrogen therapy for urinary incontinence [Literature Review]. 4(3):159–160. Tadalafil Best of the 2002 AUA Annual Meeting [Meeting Review]. 4(3):122–140. Testicular microlithiasis Han K, Wieder JA, Bui MHT, Belldegrun AS. Testicular microlithiasis, chemotherapy for stage I seminoma, and chemotherapy for advanced extragonadal germ cell tumors [Literature Review]. 4(4):200–202. Toxicity Rukstalis DB. Treatment options after failure of radiation therapy–a review. 4(suppl 2):S12–S17. Transitional cell carcinoma Weizer AZ, Shariat SF, Haddad JL, et al. Metastatic transitional cell carcinoma of the urinary bladder to the shoulder girdle. 4(2):97–99. Transrectal ultrasound Brawer MB. Radiation therapy failure in prostate cancer patients: risk factors and methods of detection. 4(suppl 2):S2–S11. Donnelly BJ, Saliken JC. Salvage cryosurgery—how I do it. 4(suppl 2):S24–S29. Ureteral stones Brawer MK. Urology update from Jackson Hole [Meeting Review]. 4(2):78–86. Urgency Nickel JC. Interstitial cystitis: characterization and management of an enigmatic urologic syndrome. 4(3):112–121. Steers WD. Pathophysiology of overactive bladder and urge urinary incontinence. 4(suppl 4):S7–S18. Urinary diversion Brawer MK. Urology update from Jackson Hole [Meeting Review]. 4(2):78–86. Urinary hesitancy Cannon TW, Leng W, Chancellor MB. 72year-old woman with urinary hesitancy and pelvic pain. 4(4):188–191. Urinary incontinence Dmochowski R. Interventions for detrusor overactivity: the case for multimodal therapy. 4(suppl 4):S19–S27. Lai HH, Boone TB, Appell RA. Selecting a medical therapy for overactive bladder. 4(suppl 4):S28–S37. Lee J-Y, Chancellor MB. Using electrical stimulation for urinary incontinence Nickel JC. Immunological based therapies for urinary tract infection: the future is almost here! [Literature Review]. 4(4):196–197. Nickel JC. Recurrent uncomplicated urinary tract infections: can young women diagnose and treat themselves? [Literature Review]. 4(1):50–51. Shapiro E. Updates in pediatric urology [Meeting Review]. 4(4):185–187. Urolithiasis Goldfarb DS. Reconsideration of the 1988 NIH consensus statement on prevention and treatment of kidney stones: are the recommendations out of date? 4(2):53–60. Urologic practice guidelines Forrest JB. Economics of interstitial cystitis in clinical practice. 4(suppl 1):S44–S48. Urothelium Fraser MO, Lavelle JP, Sacks MS, Chancellor MB. The future of bladder control—intravesical drug delivery, a pinch of pepper, and gene therapy. 4(1):1–11. Vacuum erection device Montague DK. Nonpharmacologic treatment of erectile dysfunction. 4(suppl 3):S9–S16. Vaginal bleeding Shapiro E. Updates in pediatric urology [Meeting Review]. 4(4):185–187. Vardenafil Best of the 2002 AUA Annual Meeting [Meeting Review]. 4(3):122–140. Varicocele Shapiro E. Updates in pediatric urology [Meeting Review]. 4(4):185–187. Vesicoureteral reflux Best of the 2002 AUA Annual Meeting [Meeting Review]. 4(3):122–140. Shapiro E. Management alternatives for vesicoureteral reflux [Literature Review]. 4(2):100–101. Shapiro E. Updates in pediatric urology [Meeting Review]. 4(4):185–187. Voiding dysfunction Best of the 2002 AUA Annual Meeting [Meeting Review]. 4(3):122–140. Lepor H. Surgical, pharmacological, and technological advances in adult and pediatric urology–state of the art [Meeting Review]. 4(1):24–33. VOL. 4 NO. 4 2002 REVIEWS IN UROLOGY 211